大学生情绪状态与自尊水平的关系研究

The Relationship between Emotional States and Self-Esteem Levels among College Students

摘要: 目的：考察大学生正性情绪、负性情绪与自尊水平的现状及其关系，并揭示情绪–自尊联结的个体差异与内在机制。方法：采用正性负性情绪量表和罗森博格自尊量表对50名大学生进行问卷调查，并通过半结构化深度访谈对3名典型被试进行质性补充。结果：正性情绪与自尊水平呈显著正相关(r = 0.375, p < 0.01)，正性情绪对自尊具有显著正向预测效应(β = 0.375, p < 0.01, R² = 0.140)；负性情绪与自尊水平在本研究样本中无显著线性相关(r = −0.060, p > 0.05)。访谈发现，负性情绪对自尊的影响存在个体差异，归因方式与早期家庭教养经历是调节二者关系的关键变量。结论：在本研究样本范围内，正性情绪是自尊的保护性因素，而负性情绪与自尊的关系受个体归因风格及家庭教养环境的调节。高校心理健康教育应同时关注情绪调节与自尊提升，并重视早期社会化经验对自尊形成的奠基作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of positive affect, negative affect, and self-esteem among college students, examine their interrelationships, and reveal individual differences and underlying mechanisms in the affect-self-esteem connection. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 50 college students using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, supplemented by semi-structured in-depth interviews with three typical participants. Results: Positive affect was significantly positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.375, p < 0.01) and significantly predicted self-esteem (β = 0.375, p < 0.01, R² = 0.140); negative affect showed no significant linear correlation with self-esteem (r = −0.060, p > 0.05). in the present sample, and given the limited statistical power of the small sample, this null result warrants cautious interpretation. Interviews revealed that the impact of negative affect on self-esteem varied across individuals, with attributional style and early parenting experiences serving as key moderating variables. Conclusion: Within the scope of the present sample, Positive affect is a protective factor for self-esteem, while the relationship between negative affect and self-esteem is moderated by individual attributional styles and parenting environments. College mental health education should simultaneously address emotion regulation and self-esteem enhancement, and pay attention to the foundational role of early socialization experiences in self-esteem development.