重大突发事件中医疗救治跨部门协同困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Inter-Departmental Collaboration in Medical Treatment during Major Emergencies

摘要: 重大突发事件中的医疗救治是降低伤亡率的关键环节，但其效能不仅取决于临床技术，更受制于跨部门协同水平。我国当前医疗救治链条涉及卫生健康、应急管理、医疗机构、公安交通等多主体，在指挥统筹、信息共享与资源配置等方面存在结构性断裂，导致“现场–转运–院内”全链条衔接不畅。本文基于协同治理理论与整体性政府理论，构建“结构–过程–结果”分析框架，系统剖析重大突发事件中医疗救治跨部门协同失灵的生成逻辑。研究发现：医疗救治指挥权的碎片化、全链条信息传递的阻隔性以及应急状态下医疗资源调配的滞后性，共同构成了协同困境的三重机制。在此基础上，本文从统一指挥架构、全周期信息平台、区域协同救治网络与复合型协调人才培养四个维度提出优化路径，以期为提升我国重大突发事件医疗救治效能提供参考。

Abstract: Medical treatment in major emergencies is a core link to reduce casualty rates. Its effectiveness depends not only on clinical technology, but also significantly on the level of inter-departmental collaboration. The current medical treatment system in China involves multiple stakeholders including health authorities, emergency management departments, medical institutions, public security and traffic departments. Structural fractures exist in overall command, information sharing and resource allocation, resulting in poor continuity across the entire “on-site rescue - patient transport - in-hospital treatment” chain. Based on collaborative governance theory and the holistic government theory, this paper constructs a “structure - process - outcome” analytical framework to systematically explore the underlying logic of inter-departmental collaboration failure in emergency medical treatment. The study identifies three core mechanisms behind the collaboration dilemmas: fragmented command authority for emergency medical care, barriers to end-to-end information transmission, and delayed allocation of emergency medical resources. Accordingly, this paper proposes optimization strategies from four dimensions: establishing a unified command system, building a full-cycle information platform, developing regional collaborative rescue networks, and cultivating interdisciplinary coordination professionals. It aims to provide a reference for improving the efficiency of emergency medical treatment in major emergencies in China.