中国高技术产业全要素生产率研究

A Study on Total Factor Productivity in China’s High-Tech Industries

摘要: 本文旨在测度和分析2015~2024年中国高技术产业全要素生产率(TFP)的变化特征及其分解结果，从行业和区域两个维度识别高技术产业高质量发展中的效率短板与提升路径。研究采用Super-SBM-Malmquist模型，将高技术产业TFP分解为技术进步指数和技术效率指数。研究结果表明，行业层面高技术产业TFP平均值为0.9925，整体基本稳定但尚未形成持续提升趋势，技术效率改善支撑、技术进步不足拖累；区域层面，全国高技术产业TFP平均值为1.0417，总体保持提升，主要由技术进步推动，但技术效率略低于1，表明资源配置、成果转化和产业组织效率仍需加强。四大区域中，西部和中部提升较快，东部和东北相对平稳。

Abstract: This paper aims to measure and analyze the changing characteristics and decomposition results of total factor productivity (TFP) in China’s high-tech industries from 2015 to 2024, and to identify efficiency constraints and improvement paths for the high-quality development of high-tech industries from both industrial and regional perspectives. The Super-SBM-Malmquist model is adopted to decompose TFP in high-tech industries into the technological progress index and the technical efficiency index. The results show that, at the industry level, the average TFP of high-tech industries is 0.9925, indicating that overall productivity remains basically stable but has not yet formed a sustained upward trend. TFP growth is supported by improvements in technical efficiency but constrained by insufficient technological progress. At the regional level, the national average TFP of high-tech industries is 1.0417, indicating an overall improvement mainly driven by technological progress. However, the technical efficiency index is slightly below 1, suggesting that resource allocation, achievement transformation, and industrial organization efficiency still need to be strengthened. Among the four major regions, the western and central regions show faster improvement, while the eastern and northeastern regions remain relatively stable.