校园欺凌中旁观者行为的研究热点与主题结构：基于文献计量与定性内容分析

Research Hotspots and Thematic Structure of Bystander Behavior in School Bullying: A Bibliometric and Qualitative Content Analysis

摘要: 旁观者在校园欺凌事件中扮演着制止或加剧欺凌的关键角色，但该领域研究分布零散，缺乏系统整合。研究以Web of Science核心合集为数据源，检索2022年1月~2026年6月欺凌旁观者文献，经筛选获得398条有效记录。采用关键词共现网络和模块度聚类识别研究热点，并从最大聚类133篇中随机抽取30篇文献进行深度定性内容分析。文献计量结果显示，bullying、cyberbullying、bystander、empathy、moral disengagement等词频次最高，网络包含89个节点和414条边，可划分为5个主题聚类，其中最大聚类聚焦于旁观者干预的心理机制与行为。定性分析进一步归纳出五个主题：(1) 旁观者干预的个体与情境影响因素；(2) 反欺凌项目对旁观者行为的效果；(3) 网络欺凌中的旁观者行为；(4) 旁观者行为的发展与社会化；(5) 测量工具开发与元分析综述。共情、道德推脱、社会规范和自我效能感是影响旁观者抉择的核心心理机制，有效干预多通过提升责任感和自我效能激活捍卫行为。未来研究应加强纵向追踪、跨文化比较及干预机制研究。

Abstract: Bystanders play a critical role in either stopping or exacerbating school bullying. However, research in this area remains fragmented and lacks systematic integration. Using the Web of Science Core Collection, this study retrieved literature on bullying bystanders published between January 2022 and June 2026, yielding 398 valid records after screening. Keyword co-occurrence networks and modularity-based clustering were employed to identify research hotspots, and 30 articles were randomly selected from the largest cluster (133 articles) for in-depth qualitative content analysis. Bibliometric results showed that terms such as bullying, cyberbullying, bystander, empathy, and moral disengagement had the highest frequencies. The network contained 89 nodes and 414 edges, and five thematic clusters were identified, with the largest cluster focusing on the psychological mechanisms and behaviors of bystander intervention. The qualitative analysis further distilled five themes: (1) individual and contextual factors influencing bystander intervention; (2) effects of anti-bullying programs on bystander behavior; (3) bystander behavior in cyberbullying; (4) the development and socialization of bystander behavior; and (5) measurement tool development and meta-analytic reviews. Empathy, moral disengagement, social norms, and self-efficacy were identified as core psychological mechanisms shaping bystander decisions, and effective interventions often activated defending behavior by enhancing responsibility and self-efficacy. Future research should strengthen longitudinal designs, cross-cultural comparisons, and intervention mechanism studies.