心理弹性多维结构对症状与人格的双重预测：基于SCL-90和UPI的11,300名大学生实证研究
The Dual Predictive Effects of Multidimensional Psychological Resilience on Symptoms and Personality: An Empirical Study of 11,300 Chinese College Students Using SCL-90 and UPI
摘要: 目的：探讨心理弹性各因子(能力、情感管理、接受变化、控制、精神影响)对SCL-90症状因子和UPI人格脆弱性因子的预测作用，比较心理弹性对不同类型心理健康指标的解释力差异。方法：采用横断面调查设计，对11,300名中国大学生施测心理弹性量表(RISC)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和大学生人格问卷(UPI)。以心理弹性五个因子为自变量，分别以SCL-90总分、SCL-90十个因子，和UPI五个因子为因变量，进行多元线性回归分析(强制进入法)。结果：(1) 心理弹性五因子对SCL-90各因子解释率范围为10.1%~17.3% (均值为14.1%)，对UPI各因子解释率范围为19.3%~22.8% (均值为20.7%)，后者显著高于前者(t = 7.82, P < 0.001)；(2) 情感管理是所有模型中最强的预测因子，对SCL-90抑郁的β = −0.204，对UPI情绪易感性的β = −0.287；(3) 能力因子在所有16个模型中均显著(β范围：−0.131至−0.057)；(4) 精神影响仅在3个SCL-90模型中显著，在所有UPI模型中均不显著；(5) 心理弹性对UPI认知损害和情绪易感性的解释率最高(均为R2 = 0.228)，对SCL-90敌对解释率最低(R2 = 0.101)。结论：心理弹性与人格基础的脆弱性构念(UPI)的关联强度显著高于与当前症状(SCL-90)的关联。情感管理是跨指标的核心保护因子。干预应优先提升情绪调节能力，并根据不同结局指标定制弹性成分。
Abstract: Objective: To examine the predictive effects of five psychological resilience subscales (Ability, Emotion Management, Acceptance of Change, Control, and Spiritual Influence) on SCL-90 symptom dimensions and UPI personality vulnerability dimensions, and to compare the explanatory power of resilience for different types of mental health indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 11,300 Chinese college students using the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RISC), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and University Personality Inventory (UPI). Multiple linear regression analyses (enter method) were performed with five resilience subscales as independent variables and SCL-90 total score, ten SCL-90 dimensions, and five UPI dimensions as dependent variables. Results: (1) The five resilience subscales explained 10.1%~17.3% of the variance in SCL-90 dimensions (mean R2 = 14.1%) and 19.3%~22.8% of the variance in UPI dimensions (mean R2 = 20.7%), with UPI variance explained significantly higher (t = 7.82, P < 0.001). (2) Emotion Management emerged as the strongest predictor across all models, with β = −0.204 for SCL-90 depression and β = −0.287 for UPI emotional susceptibility. (3) Ability showed consistent significant effects across all 16 models (β range: −0.131 to −0.057). (4) Spiritual Influence was significant in only three SCL-90 models and non-significant in all UPI models. (5) Resilience explained the most variance in UPI cognitive impairment and emotional susceptibility (both R2 = 0.228) and the least variance in SCL-90 hostility (R2 = 0.101). Conclusion: Psychological resilience is more strongly associated with personality-based vulnerability constructs (UPI) than with current symptom measures (SCL-90). Emotion management is a core transdiagnostic protective factor. Interventions should prioritize emotion regulation enhancement and tailor resilience components to specific outcome indicators.
文章引用：黄雪竹, 徐磊, 周丽, 周波. 心理弹性多维结构对症状与人格的双重预测：基于SCL-90和UPI的11,300名大学生实证研究[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2026, 15(8): 401-415. https://doi.org/10.12677/ass.2026.158673

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