城乡融合视域下农村养老服务均等化的实现机制与路径

The Mechanisms and Pathways for Achieving Equalization of Rural Elderly Care Services from the Perspective of Urban-Rural Integration

摘要: 在人口老龄化深度发展与城乡融合战略全面推进的背景下，农村养老服务均等化是基本公共服务均等化与乡村振兴的重要内容。当前我国农村养老服务存在供给不足、设施运营效能偏低、城乡资源配置失衡、服务内容单一、县域统筹能力薄弱、数字鸿沟突出等问题，制约均等化实现。本文以城乡融合为视角，从要素流动、制度协同、主体联动、数字赋能、需求响应五个方面构建农村养老服务均等化实现机制，并提出以县域为单元搭建一体化服务网络、健全城乡统一制度体系、完善财政与资源下沉机制、培育多元供给主体、以数字技术赋能服务增效的实践路径，旨在推动城乡养老资源均衡配置，提升农村养老服务可及性与普惠性，为实现养老服务均等化、应对人口老龄化与促进共同富裕提供支撑。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and the comprehensive promotion of the urban-rural integration strategy, the equalization of rural elderly care services is an important component of the equalization of basic public services and rural revitalization. Currently, rural elderly care services in China face problems such as insufficient supply, low operational efficiency of facilities, imbalanced allocation of urban and rural resources, limited service content, weak county-level coordination capabilities, and a prominent digital divide, all of which constrain the achievement of equalization. From the perspective of urban-rural integration, this paper constructs a mechanism for achieving the equalization of rural elderly care services from five aspects: factor flow, institutional coordination, stakeholder interaction, digital empowerment, and demand response. It proposes practical paths including building an integrated service network at the county level, improving a unified urban-rural institutional system, perfecting financial and resource decentralization mechanisms, cultivating diversified service providers, and enhancing service efficiency through digital technology. The aim is to promote the balanced allocation of urban and rural elderly care resources, improve the accessibility and universality of rural elderly care services, and provide support for realizing equalized elderly care services, addressing population aging, and promoting common prosperity.