数字乡村建设中农村公共服务数字化转型的实践困境与优化路径

Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Digital Transformation of Rural Public Services in Digital Village Construction

摘要: 在数字中国战略深入推进与乡村高质量发展背景下，数字乡村建设已成为破解农村公共服务供给难题、缩小城乡公共服务差距、提升农村治理能力的重要方向。农村公共服务数字化转型，通过数字技术与农村教育、医疗、社保、政务等领域深度融合，打破传统服务的时空限制，为提升服务质量、优化供给效率、推动服务均衡发展提供了新路径。当前我国农村公共服务数字化转型仍处于初步推进阶段，受基础设施、数字能力、供给模式、制度保障等多重因素制约，面临一系列现实难题，影响转型整体成效。文章立足数字乡村建设实践，以技术–组织–环境(TOE)框架与协同治理理论为基础，选取东部典型村、中西部典型村开展案例研究，采用文献研究、深度访谈、实地调研与归纳总结方法，梳理农村公共服务数字化转型的现状与成效，剖析突出问题与深层原因，并结合农村异质性构建分类框架，提出差异化、可操作的优化路径，为推动农村公共服务数字化高质量发展提供理论参考与实践支撑。

Abstract: Against the background of the further advancement of the Digital China strategy and the high-quality development of rural areas, the construction of digital villages has become an important direction for solving the problems of rural public service supply, narrowing the urban-rural gap in public services, and improving rural governance capabilities. The digital transformation of rural public services, through the in-depth integration of digital technology with rural education, medical care, social security, government affairs and other fields, breaks the time and space constraints of traditional services, and provides a new path for improving service quality, optimizing supply efficiency, and promoting balanced service development. At present, the digital transformation of rural public services in China is still in the initial stage of promotion. Restricted by multiple factors such as infrastructure, digital capabilities, supply models, and institutional guarantees, it faces a series of practical problems that affect the overall effectiveness of the transformation. Based on the practice of digital village construction, this paper takes the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and collaborative governance theory as the foundation, selects typical villages in the eastern and central-western regions to carry out case studies, adopts literature research, in-depth interviews, field investigations and inductive summary methods, sorts out the current situation and effectiveness of the digital transformation of rural public services, analyzes prominent problems and deep-seated reasons, constructs a classification framework combined with rural heterogeneity, and proposes differentiated and operable optimization paths, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical support for promoting the high-quality development of rural public service digitalization.