近自然修复湿地反硝化脱氮微生物学机制研究
Research on the Microbiological Mechanism of Denitrification for Nitrogen Removal in Near-Naturally Restored Wetlands
摘要: 水体氮污染已成为当前水环境治理的重要问题，湿地生态系统凭借其独特的生境条件，成为氮素截留与转化的关键场所，微生物驱动的反硝化脱氮过程更是实现水体氮素永久性去除的核心途径。近自然修复湿地作为河流污染防控的重要生态屏障，融合了自然湿地的生态功能与人工修复的针对性措施，但其反硝化脱氮的微生物学机制尚未得到系统梳理与解析。本文通过系统回顾国内外关于湿地氮循环、反硝化脱氮过程、影响因素及近自然修复湿地研究的相关成果，总结当前湿地反硝化脱氮的研究现状，分析近自然修复湿地反硝化脱氮研究中存在的不足，为后续深入探究其微生物学机制提供研究思路与方向，也为近自然修复湿地的构建与高效运行提供理论参考。
Abstract: Nitrogen pollution in water bodies has become a critical issue in current water environment management. Wetland ecosystems, with their unique habitat conditions, serve as key sites for nitrogen interception and transformation. The microbially driven denitrification process is the core pathway for achieving permanent nitrogen removal from water. As important ecological barriers for river pollution control, near-naturally restored wetlands integrate the ecological functions of natural wetlands with targeted measures of artificial restoration. However, the microbiological mechanisms underlying denitrification for nitrogen removal in such wetlands have not yet been systematically reviewed and elucidated. This paper systematically reviews domestic and international research achievements on wetland nitrogen cycling, denitrification processes, influencing factors, and near-natural restoration wetlands. It summarizes the current research status of denitrification for nitrogen removal in wetlands, analyzes the shortcomings in existing studies on near-naturally restored wetlands, and provides research ideas and directions for future in-depth investigations into their microbiological mechanisms. The review also aims to offer theoretical references for the construction and efficient operation of near-naturally restored wetlands.
文章引用：祁妍雯, 谢子豪, 王储, 訾润, 朱玲玲, 陈永娟. 近自然修复湿地反硝化脱氮微生物学机制研究[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(8): 1344-1352. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.168135

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