“三分一调”治理模式在高原湖泊治理中的创新与推广——以通海红旗河为例

Innovation and Promotion Value of the “Three-One” Governance Model in Plateau Lake Restoration—A Case Study of the Hongqi River in Tonghai

摘要: 红旗河是云南杞麓湖最大入湖河流，汇水面积占杞麓湖流域42%，入湖水量贡献率47.8%，污染负荷输入占比约50%。因水源单一、长期纳污，水质自2003年以来多处于V类或劣V类，氨氮、化学需氧量等长期超标。传统末端治理面临拦截压力大、工程推进难、管理分散等问题。对此，通海县创新实施“分段拦截、分级调蓄、分质利用、全程调控”的“三分一调”流域综合治理模式，实现削减污染负荷、缓解末端压力、降低运行成本的“三减”目标，并带动生态、经济、社会效益“三提升”。本文以红旗河为例，分析该模式在生态保护、水资源循环利用和农业灌溉管理等方面的集成创新，对比传统治理局限，阐释制度优势与工程协同效益，探讨其在玉溪“三湖”及其他高原湖泊流域的推广潜力，为高原湖泊综合治理提供参考。

Abstract: Hongqi River is the largest inflow river of Qilu Lake in Yunnan Province, with a catchment area accounting for 42% of the total lake basin, a contribution rate of 47.8% to the lake inflow, and approximately 50% of the total pollutant load entering the lake. Owing to its single water source and long-term pollutant receiving function, the water quality of the river has remained mostly at Class V or inferior Class V since 2003, with ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and other major indicators exceeding standards for long periods. Conventional end-of-pipe treatment has faced multiple challenges, including heavy interception pressure, difficulty in advancing engineering projects, and fragmented management. In response, Tonghai County innovatively implemented the “Three-Partition, One-Regulation” integrated “watershed governance model, featuring segmented interception, hierarchical storage and regulation, classified utilization, and whole-process control”. This model has achieved the “three reductions” goals of reducing pollutant loads, alleviating end-of-pipe treatment pressure, and lowering operating costs, while also delivering the “three improvements” of enhanced ecological, economic, and social benefits. Taking Hongqi River as a case study, this paper analyzes the integrated innovations of the model in ecological protection, water recycling, and agricultural irrigation management; compares its advantages with the limitations of traditional governance approaches; explains its institutional strengths and the synergistic benefits of engineering coordination; and explores its potential for wider application in the management of Yuxi’s “Three Lakes” and other plateau lake basins, with a view to providing reference for comprehensive plateau lake governance.