覆膜联合叶面肥对镉污染土壤修复效果研究

Study on the Remediation Effect of Cadmium-Polluted Soils Using Film Mulching Combined with Foliar Fertilizer

摘要: 农田原位农艺调控措施具有操作简便、成本低廉、适合大面积推广等优势，是实现中轻度镉(Cd)污染农田安全利用的重要途径。为探明覆膜(FM)、叶面肥(YMF)及其组合措施对酸性Cd污染农田土壤pH、土壤有效态Cd、作物产量及籽粒Cd积累的调控效应，本试验设置对照(CK)、覆膜(FM)、叶面肥(YMF)、覆膜配施叶面肥(FM + YMF) 4个处理开展田间试验。结果表明：FM处理可显著提升土壤pH，其他措施对土壤理化性质影响较小；与CK相比，所有农艺调控处理均能够显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量，其中YMF处理土壤有效态Cd降幅最大；各处理作物产量无显著差异，农艺措施没有作物减产的风险；单一覆膜、单施叶面肥均可显著降低籽粒Cd富集，联合处理下对籽粒Cd累积阻控效果最优。覆膜可改善土壤酸化状况、降低土壤Cd有效性；叶面肥对植物的调控作用可以抑制Cd向籽粒转运；覆膜与叶面肥联合处理能够协同阻控作物Cd积累，是Cd污染农田农产品安全生产较优的农艺管理方案。

Abstract: In-field agronomic regulation measures for farmland are simple to operate, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale promotion, making them an important way to safely use farmland with mild to moderate cadmium (Cd) pollution. To explore the effects of film mulching (FM), foliar fertilizer (YMF), and their combination on soil pH, available Cd in soil, crop yield, and grain Cd accumulation in acidic Cd-contaminated farmland, this experiment set up four treatments: control (CK), film mulching (FM), foliar fertilizer (YMF), and film mulching combined with foliar fertilizer (FM + YMF) in a field trial. The results showed that FM treatment could significantly increase soil pH, while other measures had little effect on soil physicochemical properties. Compared with CK, all agronomic regulation treatments significantly reduced the content of available Cd in soil, with the YMF treatment showing the largest decrease. There is no significant differences in crop yield among treatments, which means that agronomic measures have no risk of reducing crop yield. Single film mulching and foliar fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd in grains, while compound treatment was most effective to control the accumulation of Cd in grain. Film Mulching can improve soil acidification and reduce soil Cd availability, foliar fertilizer can inhibit Cd transfer to grains, and the combination of film mulching and foliar fertilizer can synergistically control Cd accumulation in crops, making it a preferred agronomic management approach for safely producing crops on Cd-contaminated farmland.