膨胀珍珠岩及其水泥基轻质混凝土的研究进展综述

A Review of Research Progress on Expanded Perlite and Its Cement-Based Lightweight Concrete

摘要: 在“双碳”战略与绿色建筑发展背景下，建筑材料需同时满足轻质化、保温节能与耐久安全等综合需求。膨胀珍珠岩(Expanded Perlite, EP)是一种由天然火山玻璃经高温瞬时膨化形成的无机轻质多孔材料，具有低密度、低导热、不燃及隔声等特点，在轻质混凝土与围护结构领域应用前景广阔。本文系统综述了国内外关于EP孔隙结构、吸水行为、力学性能及其在水泥基材料中的应用研究进展。研究表明，EP多尺度孔结构是其降低密度与改善热工性能的主要原因，但高孔隙率亦带来吸水率高、颗粒强度偏低等问题，进而影响拌合物工作性、界面过渡区(Interfacial Transition Zone, ITZ)致密性及材料强度稳定性。国外研究在微观表征与性能规律总结方面较为成熟，国内研究则侧重工程应用瓶颈并提出多种改性方案。综合来看，现阶段仍存在机理定量化不足、改性方法缺乏统一评价体系及工程验证数据有限等问题，未来可从掺合料协同优化、动力吸能潜力开发及多尺度改性增强等方向进一步深化研究。

Abstract: In the context of the “dual carbon” strategy and the development of green buildings, building materials must simultaneously meet comprehensive requirements such as lightweight, thermal insulation, durability, and safety. Expanded Perlite (EP) is an inorganic lightweight porous material formed by the high-temperature instantaneous expansion of natural volcanic glass. Characterized by low density, low thermal conductivity, non-combustibility, and sound insulation, it holds promising application prospects in lightweight concrete and building envelopes. This paper systematically reviews domestic and international research progress on the pore structure, water absorption behavior, mechanical properties of EP, and its application in cement-based materials. Research indicates that the multi-scale pore structure of EP is the primary reason for its reduced density and improved thermal performance. However, its high porosity also leads to issues such as high water absorption and low particle strength, which subsequently affect the workability of the mixture, the compactness of the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ), and the stability of material strength. While international research is relatively mature in microstructural characterization and summarizing performance, domestic research focuses more on addressing engineering application bottlenecks and proposing various modification strategies. Overall, current challenges include insufficient quantitative understanding of mechanisms, a lack of a unified evaluation system for modification methods, and limited engineering validation data. Future research should be deepened through synergistic optimization of admixtures, exploration of dynamic energy absorption potential, and multi-scale modification and reinforcement.