互联网金融背景下招商银行的盈利模式优化研究

Research on the Profit Model Optimization of China Merchants Bank under the Background of Internet Finance

摘要: 在互联网金融与金融科技快速发展的背景下，传统商业银行盈利模式受到深刻冲击，优化盈利结构、提升可持续盈利能力成为战略重点。本文以招商银行为研究对象，基于金融中介理论、平台经济学理论与颠覆性创新理论，构建“冲击–现状–问题–对策”分析框架，采用文献研究与案例分析方法，结合2020~2024年官方财务数据，剖析其盈利模式特征与核心问题。研究发现，招商银行仍面临利息收入依赖偏高、净资产收益率下滑、对公贷款竞争力弱化、数字化转型不彻底等问题。据此，本文提出构建轻资产业务生态、实施精细化资本管理、打造智能化对公金融体系、加速平台化数字生态转型等优化路径，以实现盈利模式多元化、轻型化、数字化转型。研究结论可为招商银行及同类商业银行盈利模式优化提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid development of Internet finance and fintech, the profit models of traditional commercial banks have suffered profound impacts, making the optimization of profit structures and the improvement of sustainable profitability a strategic priority. Taking China Merchants Bank as the research object, this paper constructs an analytical framework of “Impact-Current Situation-Problems-Countermeasures” based on financial intermediation theory, platform economics theory and disruptive innovation theory. Adopting literature research and case analysis methods, it combines official financial data from 2020 to 2024 to analyze the characteristics and core problems of its profit model. The study finds that China Merchants Bank is still confronted with issues including excessive reliance on interest income, declining return on net assets, weakened competitiveness in corporate lending, and incomplete digital transformation. Accordingly, this paper proposes optimization approaches such as building an asset-light business ecosystem, implementing refined capital management, constructing an intelligent corporate financial system, and accelerating the transformation toward a platform-based digital ecosystem, so as to realize the diversified, asset-light and digital transformation of its profit model. The research conclusions can provide theoretical and practical references for the optimization of profit models of China Merchants Bank and other similar commercial banks.