老年性痴呆发病机制研究及特色针法治疗进展

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and the Advancement of Characteristic Acupuncture Therapy

摘要: 老年性痴呆在临床上也称为阿尔茨海默病，它属于一种神经退行性病变，以认知功能衰退及学习记忆能力下降为核心表现。随着我国人口老龄化程度的不断加深，此病的患病率也在持续地增加。目前，现代医学尚未能提供逆转AD病程的特效药物，其根本原因在于该病致病机理复杂且药物干预靶点尚不明确，极大限制了临床疗效。近年来，针刺疗法在AD治疗中的价值日益凸显，相关研究表明，该疗法不仅能确切改善症状，且具有多靶点调节的优势。基于此，本文系统检索并整合近年国内外相关文献，从基因遗传、肠道微生态紊乱、氧化应激、血脑屏障损伤、免疫失调、病毒感染、自噬通路障碍及环境暴露等方面，归纳总结了AD的潜在致病因素。同时，立足于中医理论与实验研究，探讨特色针刺技术对AD的改善效应，以期为神经退行性疾病的综合防治提供有益思路。

Abstract: Senile dementia, clinically designated as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), represents a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder predominantly characterized by cognitive deterioration and compromised learning and memory functions. Amidst the accelerating global aging trend, the prevalence of AD has surged markedly. To date, Western pharmacotherapy has failed to yield definitive agents capable of reversing AD progression, primarily owing to its multifaceted pathogenesis and the elusive nature of effective pharmaceutical targets, thereby impeding therapeutic breakthroughs. In parallel, acupuncture has garnered escalating recognition as a promising intervention for AD. A growing body of evidence substantiates its definitive therapeutic efficacy, underpinned by a multimodal mechanism of action. This review, therefore, synthesizes domestic and international literature to delineate the implicated etiological pathways, encompassing genetic predispositions, gut dysbiosis, oxidative injury, blood-brain barrier compromise, immunological derangement, viral triggers, autophagic dysfunction, and environmental contributors. Furthermore, we explore the ameliorative impact of characteristic acupuncture regimens on AD, integrating both traditional Chinese medical theory and foundational experimental findings, with the objective of furnishing a reference for the holistic management of neurodegenerative disorders.