论轻微犯罪记录封存制度的构建

On the Construction of the Sealing System for Minor Offense Criminal Records

摘要: 在积极刑法观的影响下，轻微犯罪入刑是当前司法实践中的普遍现象。通常轻微犯罪被告人的主观恶性不高、社会危害性不大。他们一旦被贴上了“犯罪人”的标签，刑罚执行完毕之后融入社会将受到不同程度的影响。这类被告人亟需法律给予一次改过自新的机会。我国现行犯罪记录封存制度，主要在封存的对象范围、信息处理机制、救济措施和追责机制方面存在问题。上述问题的解决路径在于：扩大犯罪记录封存的对象范围，让符合条件者获得重新做人的机会；细化犯罪记录封存的内容范围，保障封存的全面性与精准性；建构犯罪记录信息处理的整体机制，构建严格的处理流程与保密机制；完善犯罪记录封存的救济措施和追责机制，确保权益受到侵害的犯罪人得到有效救济，畅通相关人员的工作追责机制。

Abstract: Under the influence of the positive view of criminal law, the criminalization of minor offenses is a common phenomenon in current judicial practice. Generally, defendants involved in minor offenses have low subjective viciousness and cause relatively limited social harmfulness. Once labeled as “criminals”, they will face varying degrees of obstacles in social integration after serving their sentences. There is an urgent legal need to grant such defendants an opportunity to rehabilitate. China’s current criminal record sealing system mainly has problems in terms of the scope of eligible subjects, information processing mechanisms, relief measures and accountability mechanisms. To address these problems, targeted measures are put forward: expanding the scope of eligible subjects for criminal record sealing, so that those who meet the requirements can gain the opportunity to reintegrate into society; refining the content scope of criminal record sealing to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the sealing; constructing the overall mechanism of information processing of criminal records, and constructing strict processing procedures and confidentiality mechanisms; improving the relief measures and accountability mechanisms for criminal record sealing, ensuring that offenders whose lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon receive effective relief, and streamlining the accountability mechanisms for relevant personnel.