“双减”背景下初中道德与法治课教学评价的变革成效、现实困境与优化对策

Teaching Evaluation for Junior High School Morality and the Rule of Law under the “Double Reduction” Policy: Changes, Effects, Dilemmas and Optimization Strategies

摘要: “双减”政策与教育评价改革共同推动基础教育转向素养育人，初中道德与法治学科评价随之迎来调整。当前学科评价虽在课堂随堂考核、实践作业评定、多主体评价试点等方面产生变化，但长期应试思维形成的评价惯性并未彻底消除，普遍存在评价导向功利化、评价形式无法覆盖教学全流程、评价参与主体单一、实践作业配套评价机制缺失的问题。针对上述现实矛盾，学科评价优化可从四重维度推进落地：更新素养优先的评价价值导向，构建覆盖课前、课中、课后的全过程评价模式，搭建教师、学生、家长、社区联动的多元协同评价体系，细化分层作业评价标准与闭环反馈流程。四管齐下能够有效缓解过度依赖分数评价的问题，同步实现“双减”减负与学科育人双重目标。

Abstract: The “Double Reduction” policy and the education evaluation reform have jointly driven basic education toward competency-based cultivation, prompting corresponding adjustments in the evaluation of junior high school Morality and Rule of Law. Current subject evaluations have seen changes in areas such as in-class formative assessments, practical assignment evaluations, and trials of multi-stakeholder participation. However, the ingrained evaluation inertia shaped by long-standing exam-oriented mindsets has not been thoroughly eliminated. Common problems persist, including utilitarian evaluation orientation, evaluation formats that fail to cover the entire teaching process, a single evaluation participant structure, and the absence of supporting evaluation mechanisms for practical assignments. To address these practical contradictions, the optimization of subject evaluation can be advanced along four dimensions: updating the value orientation of evaluation toward competency priority, constructing a whole-process evaluation model covering pre-class, in-class, and post-class stages, establishing a multi-stakeholder collaborative evaluation system involving teachers, students, parents, and the community, and refining tiered assignment evaluation criteria with closed-loop feedback mechanisms. These four measures, when implemented together, can effectively alleviate over-reliance on score-based assessment while simultaneously achieving the dual goals of workload reduction and subject-based education under the “Double Reduction” policy.