乡村老年人短视频使用中的技术赋权与积极老龄化路径

Technological Empowerment and Paths to Active Aging of Rural Elderly in Short Video Usage

摘要: 在数字化全面推进与人口深度老龄化双重背景下，乡村老年群体长期面临资源匮乏、数字素养不足与代际支持薄弱等问题，处于明显的数字排斥状态，成为数字边缘群体。短视频以低门槛、强社交、高适配性等优势下沉乡村场域，为乡村老年人突破数字困境、实现数字融入提供了重要载体。越来越多乡村老年人从被动观看转向主动创作，逐步完成向“数字达人”的身份转型，这一过程彰显了数字技术对老年群体的赋权价值，也为积极老龄化的乡村实践开辟了新路径。本研究以技术赋权理论与积极老龄化理论为支撑，采用深度访谈法与个案研究法，以江苏省M村老年短视频使用者为研究对象，系统考察乡村老年人短视频使用的转型过程、技术赋权机制、现实困境与优化路径。研究发现，乡村老年人的数字转型呈现渐进式发展特征，短视频在话语表达、社交联结、价值实现与能力提升等层面对老年群体形成多维赋权，但同时面临数字素养薄弱、内容同质化、情感互动异化等多重制约。推动乡村老年人依托短视频实现高质量数字融入与积极老龄化，需要个体、家庭与政策四方协同发力，构建有温度、可持续、可落地的数字助老体系。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of nationwide digital development and deepening population aging, rural elderly residents have long suffered from a lack of resources, insufficient digital literacy and inadequate intergenerational support. They are severely affected by digital exclusion and have evolved into a digitally marginalized group. Featuring low entry barriers, strong social interactivity and high adaptability, short videos have taken root in rural communities, becoming a vital medium for local seniors to overcome digital challenges and integrate into the digital society. A growing number of rural elderly users have moved from passive viewing to active content creation, gradually transforming into “digital enthusiasts”. This process fully reflects the empowering effect of digital technology on the elderly and pioneers a new approach to implementing active aging in rural areas. Based on the theories of technological empowerment and active aging, this study adopts in-depth interviews and case studies. Targeting elderly short video users in Village M, Jiangsu Province, it systematically explores their transformation in short video usage, the mechanism of technological empowerment, existing practical difficulties and corresponding improvement strategies. The findings indicate that the digital transformation of rural elderly people unfolds gradually. Short videos empower them in multiple dimensions including expression of opinions, social connection, self-fulfillment and skill enhancement. Nevertheless, they still face various obstacles such as poor digital literacy, homogenized content and distorted emotional interaction. To help rural seniors achieve high-quality digital integration and realize active aging through short videos, joint efforts from individuals, families and authorities are essential to establish a caring, sustainable and practicable system that helps the elderly embrace digital technology.