社会工作介入农村留守儿童网络成瘾的防与治

Social Work Intervention in the Prevention and Treatment of Internet Addiction among Rural Left-Behind Children

摘要: 农村留守儿童网络成瘾问题是数字时代下传统留守困境的新变体。在亲子分离与隔代监护的结构性背景下，手机从“通讯工具”演变为“电子保姆”，从“社交媒介”异化为“情感替代品”。文章基于社会工作“人在情境中”的理论视角，将农村留守儿童网络成瘾置于家庭功能弱化、学校支持不足、社区文化贫瘠的多重系统之中进行考察，提出“防”与“治”二元并重、互为支撑的干预框架。“防”着眼于重建儿童与周围环境的联结，通过替代性活动供给、家庭数字素养教育、社区氛围营造，构建抵御网络依赖的保护网；“治”则聚焦已陷入成瘾的个体，运用个案管理、小组工作、家庭治疗等方法进行精准干预。研究认为，社会工作介入的核心不是简单地“断网”或“禁玩”，而是在承认网络已然嵌入留守儿童日常生活的前提下，帮助其重建自我控制能力，恢复与真实世界的情感联结，实现“开一面网”而非“一禁了之”。

Abstract: The problem of Internet addiction among rural left-behind children is a new variant of the traditional left-behind dilemma in the digital era. Under the structural background of parent-child separation and intergenerational monitoring, mobile phones have evolved from “communication tools” to “electronic nannies” and from “social media” to “emotional substitutes”. Based on the theoretical perspective of “people in the situation” of social work, this article examines the Internet addiction of rural left-behind children in the multi-system of weak family function, insufficient school support and poor community culture, and puts forward an intervention framework that attaches equal importance to “prevention” and “treatment”, with the two supporting each other. “Prevention” focuses on rebuilding the connection between children and the surrounding environment, and building a protective network to resist network dependence through the supply of alternative activities, family digital literacy education, and community atmosphere creation; “treatment” focuses on individuals who have fallen into addiction, and uses case management, group work, family treatment and other methods for precise intervention. The study believes that the core of social work intervention is not simply “disconnecting the network” or “prohibiting play”, but helping them rebuild their self-control ability, restore their emotional connection with the real world, and realize “opening a network” rather than “banning” under the premise that the Internet has been embedded in the daily life of left-behind children.