子宫腺肌病的治疗策略与临床研究进展

Treatment Strategies and Clinical Research Advances in Adenomyosis

摘要: 子宫腺肌病是指子宫内膜腺体及间质侵入子宫肌层中，伴随周围肌层细胞的代偿性肥大和增生，形成弥漫病变或局限性病变的一种良性疾病。其发病机制尚未明确，可能与经宫腔操作、高雌激素水平、胚胎多能干细胞分化和子宫内膜炎症因子等因素有关。好发于育龄期妇女，发病率为7%~23%，其临床症状主要包括痛经、月经过多(甚至致严重贫血)和不孕，对患者身心健康造成严重影响。子宫腺肌病的治疗以药物、手术治疗为主。本文以子宫腺肌病的概念、发病机制、治疗现状进行综述，为临床治疗子宫腺肌病提供更多的参考。

Abstract: Adenomyosis is a benign disease characterized by the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the surrounding myometrial cells, forming either diffuse or localized lesions. Its pathogenesis remains unclear but may be associated with factors such as intrauterine procedures, high estrogen levels, differentiation of embryonic pluripotent stem cells, and endometrial inflammatory factors. The disease predominantly affects women of reproductive age, with an incidence rate of 7%~23%. Its clinical manifestations mainly include dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia (which may even lead to severe anemia), and infertility, significantly impacting patients’ physical and mental health. Treatment for adenomyosis primarily involves medication and surgery. This article reviews the concept, pathogenesis, and current treatment status of adenomyosis, aiming to provide further reference for its clinical management.