生态翻译学视角下非遗纪录片字幕英译研究——以《非遗有新人》为例

English Subtitle Translation of ICH Documentaries from the Eco-Translatology Perspective—A Case Study of New Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage

摘要: 非遗纪录片是中华文化对外传播的重要载体，其字幕翻译面临时空制约与文化传真的双重挑战。本文以生态翻译学“三维转换”为理论框架，对双语微纪录片《非遗有新人》的字幕英译进行系统分析，从语言维、文化维和交际维考察译者在时空刚性约束下的适应性选择策略。研究发现：在语言维，译者通过句式重构、语态转换与冗余删减，实现汉语意合结构向英语形合规范的适应性转换；在文化维，译者综合运用音译加注、意象转换与功能意译等策略，在有限字幕时空中实现文化缺省的识别与补偿；在交际维，译者以受众为导向，灵活调整信息呈现方式，旨在激发目的语观众的文化兴趣。三维转换协同作用，共同实现译文在目标语生态中的“整合适应选择度”最优化。本研究验证了生态翻译学对非遗纪录片字幕翻译的适用性，为非遗题材外宣纪录片的字幕翻译实践与理论研究提供了参考。

Abstract: As a vital vehicle for disseminating Chinese culture internationally, documentary films on intangible cultural heritage (ICH) face the dual challenges of temporal-spatial constraints and cultural fidelity in subtitle translation. Adopting the “three-dimensional transformation” framework of eco-translatology as its theoretical basis, this paper conducts a systematic analysis of the English subtitle translation of the bilingual micro-documentary New Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage. It examines the adaptive selection strategies employed by the translator under rigid temporal-spatial constraints from the linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. The findings reveal that: at the linguistic dimension, the translator achieves adaptive conversion from Chinese paratactic structures to English hypotactic norms through syntactic restructuring, voice shifts, and redundancy reduction; at the cultural dimension, the translator employs strategies such as transliteration with annotations, image conversion, and functional free translation to identify and compensate for cultural defaults within the limited subtitle space and time; at the communicative dimension, the translator adopts an audience-oriented approach, flexibly adjusting information presentation to stimulate target viewers’ cultural interest. The synergistic interplay of the three-dimensional conversions jointly realizes the optimization of the translation’s “integrated adaptive selectivity” in the target-language ecology. This study validates the applicability of Eco-translatology to ICH documentary subtitle translation and offers references for both the practical translation and theoretical research of such documentaries for international outreach.