中高年级小学生榜样偏好的现状及优化策略研究——以武汉市J小学为例

A Study on the Current Situation and Optimization Strategies of Role Model Preferences among Upper and Middle Grade Primary School Students—A Case Study of J Primary School in Wuhan

摘要: 榜样作为影响小学生价值观与行为的重要外在因素，其偏好特征对小学生的全面发展具有深远影响。本文以访谈法对武汉市J小学的中高年级学生榜样偏好现状进行实证调查，利用扎根编码理论分析得出学生榜样偏好呈现以下特征：榜样偏好的类型多样化；榜样偏好的了解途径具有传统性；榜样偏好的价值取向积极；榜样偏好的认知取向具有矛盾性；榜样偏好的情感取向具有表面性；对榜样的学习存在知行脱节现象。基于此，本研究提出：构建多元类型榜样资源库；打造线下体验与线上延伸的融合传播矩阵；实施“知–情–意–行”四阶教学策略；搭建“从知到行”的脚手架；搭建家校榜样对话平台等改进建议。

Abstract: As an important external factor influencing the values and behavior of primary school students, role models have a profound impact on their overall development, and their preference characteristics play a significant role. This study employs interview methods to conduct an empirical investigation into the current status of role model preferences among middle and upper grade students at J Primary School in Wuhan. Using grounded coding theory for analysis, it was found that students’ role model preferences exhibit the following characteristics: diversified types of role model preferences; traditional channels for understanding role models; positive value orientation in role model preferences; contradictory cognitive orientation in role model preferences; superficial emotional orientation in role model preferences; and a disconnect between knowledge and practice in learning from role models. Based on these findings, this study proposes the following recommendations: establishing a multi-type role model resource database; creating an integrated communication matrix combining offline experiences with online extension; implementing a four-stage teaching strategy of “knowledge-emotion-will-action”; constructing scaffolding from knowledge to action; and building a home-school dialogue platform for role models.