蝙蝠及其体外寄生虫携带立克次体研究进展
Research Progress on Rickettsia Detected in Bats and Their Ectoparasites
DOI: 10.12677/md.2026.164061, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 吴 松, 张云智:大理大学公共卫生学院,云南 大理
关键词: 蝙蝠体外寄生虫立克次体人兽共患病Bats Ectoparasites Rickettsia Zoonoses
摘要: 立克次体属(Rickettsia)细菌是一类专性细胞内寄生的革兰阴性菌,部分种类可经吸血节肢动物传播,并引起斑点热、斑疹伤寒等人兽共患病。蝙蝠分布广泛,其体表可寄生软蜱、硬蜱、蝠蝇和螨类等多类节肢动物。近年来,国内外研究已在多种蝙蝠的血液和组织样本中检出立克次体DNA,部分血清学调查亦发现蝙蝠血清对立克次体抗原具有反应性;在其相关体外寄生虫中也有多种立克次体检出,少数软蜱研究还完成了病原分离和全基因组测序。本文综述蝙蝠宿主样本及其体外寄生虫中的立克次体检出情况、检测方法和病原鉴定结果,并分析现有证据及研究局限,以期为蝙蝠相关立克次体研究提供参考。
Abstract: Bacteria of the genus Rickettsia are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria. Some species can be transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods and cause zoonotic diseases such as typhus and spotted fever. Bats are widely distributed and are parasitized by various arthropods, including soft ticks, hard ticks, bat flies, and mites. In recent years, studies worldwide have detected Rickettsia DNA in blood and tissue samples from multiple bat species, while serological surveys have also demonstrated reactivity of bat sera to Rickettsia antigens. Various Rickettsia species have also been detected in bat-associated ectoparasites, and a few studies on soft ticks have successfully isolated rickettsiae and completed whole-genome sequencing. This review summarizes the detection of Rickettsia in bat host samples and their associated ectoparasites, with emphasis on detection methods and pathogen identification, and analyzes the interpretation and limitations of the available evidence, aiming to provide a reference for research on bat-associated Rickettsia.
文章引用:吴松, 张云智. 蝙蝠及其体外寄生虫携带立克次体研究进展[J]. 医学诊断, 2026, 16(4): 462-471. https://doi.org/10.12677/md.2026.164061

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