基于神经可塑性理论的蒙医五疗与现代康复整合模式探讨

Exploration of the Integration Model of Mongolian Medicine’s Five Treatments and Modern Rehabilitation Based on the Theory of Neuroplasticity

摘要: 脑卒中具有较高的发病率和致残率，患者功能恢复已成为神经康复领域的重要问题。现代康复医学以神经可塑性理论为基础，强调通过主动训练、重复刺激和任务导向活动促进受损功能重组。蒙医药学认为，脑卒中属于“萨病”范畴，其发生与“三根”失调、“白脉”功能异常相关，并形成了以调理三根、疏通白脉为核心的五疗体系，包括针灸、放血、拔罐、推拿和药浴等特色疗法。目前，蒙医五疗与现代康复的结合多停留于治疗手段的简单叠加，对于二者理论内涵和作用环节的深入融合仍缺乏系统探讨。本文基于神经可塑性理论，结合现有研究及临床实践，分析蒙医五疗与现代康复理念之间的内在联系，探讨其可能参与神经功能恢复的作用机制，并提出“预处理–强化–巩固”的整合康复模式。该模式强调在现代康复训练前利用蒙医疗法改善患者功能状态，在适宜条件下强化任务导向训练，并通过整体调理促进康复效果维持，为具有蒙医特色的脑卒中康复模式构建提供新的思路。

Abstract: Stroke has a high incidence rate and disability rate, and functional recovery of patients has become an important issue in the field of neurological rehabilitation. Modern rehabilitation medicine is based on the theory of neuroplasticity, emphasizing the promotion of impaired functional reorganization through active training, repetitive stimulation, and task oriented activities. Mongolian medicine believes that stroke belongs to the category of “Sa disease”, and its occurrence is related to the “three root” disorder and the “white pulse” dysfunction, and has formed a five treatment system centered on regulating the three root and dredging the white pulse, including acupuncture and moxibustion, bloodletting, cupping, massage and medicine bath. At present, the combination of Mongolian medicine’s five therapies and modern rehabilitation mostly remains at the simple superposition of treatment methods, and there is still a lack of systematic exploration on the deep integration of their theoretical connotations and functional links. This article is based on the theory of neural plasticity, combined with existing research and clinical practice, to analyze the inherent connection between the five therapies of Mongolian medicine and modern rehabilitation concepts, explore their possible mechanisms of involvement in neural function recovery, and propose an integrated rehabilitation model of “pre-processing reinforcement consolidation”. This model emphasizes the use of Mongolian medicine therapy to improve patients’ functional status before modern rehabilitation training, strengthens task oriented training under appropriate conditions, and promotes the maintenance of rehabilitation effects through overall conditioning, providing new ideas for the construction of stroke rehabilitation models with Mongolian medicine characteristics.