“深度伪造”的刑法挑战与规制路径研究

Research on Criminal Law Challenge and Regulation Path of “Deepfake”

摘要: 人工智能“深度伪造”技术滥用引发的犯罪问题已对刑法体系构成严峻挑战。鉴于此类犯罪呈现法益侵害多样性的特征，我国现行刑法“事前打击 + 事后惩治”的规制模式已显现出明显的缺陷：事前打击模式对公开获取生物识别信息的行为存在规制空白；事后规制模式则面临罪名适用存疑的难题。对此，应坚持“技术中立性”理念，通过更新“公民个人信息”刑法内涵、强化伪造中间环节规制等路径，构建精准周延的刑法规制体系，在防范犯罪风险与保障技术发展之间实现平衡。

Abstract: The criminal problem caused by the abuse of artificial intelligence “deepfake” technology has posed a severe challenge to the criminal law system. This kind of crime is characterized by the infringement of diversity by legal interests, and there are obvious defects in the regulation mode of “pre-strike + post-punishment” in China’s current criminal law: the pre-strike mode has no regulation on the public access to biometric information. However, the ex post regulation mode faces the difficult problem of the application of charges. In this regard, we should adhere to the concept of “technology neutrality”, update the criminal law connotation of “citizens’ personal information”, and strengthen the regulation of forged intermediate links to build an accurate criminal law regulation system in GAI, so as to achieve a balance between preventing crime risks and ensuring technological development.