基于Sentinel-2多光谱数据的铜仁铅锌矿区遥感蚀变信息提取与找矿预测

Remote Sensing Alteration Information Extraction and Ore Prospecting Prediction of Tongren Lead-Zinc Mining Area Based on Sentinel-2 Multispectral Data

摘要: 铜仁地区铅锌矿资源丰富，大地构造位置处于扬子陆块东南缘，江南造山带西段区域构造发育、热液蚀变作用强烈，具备优越的铅锌成矿地质条件，是贵州省重要的铅锌多金属成矿。为高效提取铜仁地区矿化蚀变信息、精准开展找矿预测，本文以Sentinel-2多光谱遥感影像为基础数据源，在完成影像预处理、去除植被与水体干扰的前提下，采用主成分分析法结合Crosta蚀变提取技术，针对性提取研究区与铅锌成矿密切相关的铁染蚀变和羟基蚀变异常信息。结合区域地质构造特征、蚀变空间分布规律与已知矿化点数据，对蚀变异常进行筛选、分级与验证，最终圈定6处铅锌找矿预测靶区，其中I级优质靶区1个、II级有利靶区3个、III级远景靶区2个。结果表明基于Sentinel-2数据的Crosta主成分分析法能够有效识别铜仁铅锌矿区典型热液蚀变异常，靶区与区域成矿地质条件匹配良好，可为研究区后续铅锌矿产精细勘查与资源潜力评价提供科学依据与技术支撑。

Abstract: Tongren area is rich in lead-zinc mineral resources. Tectonically, it lies on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and the western segment of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, where regional structures are well-developed and hydrothermal alteration is intense. Favourable geological conditions for lead-zinc mineralization make it an important polymetallic metallogenic province in Guizhou Province. To efficiently extract mineralized alteration information and accurately carry out ore prospecting prediction in Tongren, Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing images were adopted as the basic data source in this study. After image preprocessing and elimination of vegetation and water body interference, the principal component analysis combined with Crosta alteration extraction technique was used to selectively extract iron-stained and hydroxyl alteration anomalies closely associated with lead-zinc mineralization in the study area. Combined with regional geological structural features, spatial distribution rules of alterations and known mineral occurrence data, alteration anomalies were screened, graded and verified. Six prospective target zones for lead-zinc exploration were delineated, including 1 Grade I high-priority target, 3 Grade II favourable targets and 2 Grade III prospective targets. The results show that the Crosta PCA method based on Sentinel-2 data can effectively identify typical hydrothermal alteration anomalies in the Tongren lead-zinc mining area. The delineated target zones are highly consistent with regional metallogenic geological conditions, which can provide scientific reference and technical support for detailed exploration and resource potential evaluation of lead-zinc deposits in subsequent research work.