自闭症家庭夫妻关系困境及社会工作支持对策研究

Research on the Marital Relationship Dilemmas Faced by Families with Autistic Children and Social Work Support Strategies

摘要: 自闭症儿童的长期照顾、康复训练与教育支持，使父母承受持续性的经济、照顾与心理压力。作为家庭关系的核心，夫妻关系既影响家庭功能的稳定，也会进一步影响自闭症儿童的康复环境与成长质量。然而，现实中自闭症家庭的支持服务多集中于儿童康复训练和母亲亲职压力疏导，对夫妻关系困境及其社会工作支持需求的关注相对不足。文章以自闭症家庭夫妻为研究对象，运用文献研究法和非参与式观察法，分析自闭症家庭夫妻在长期照顾情境下面临的角色失衡、沟通冲突、情感疏离以及社会支持不足等困境。在此基础上，文章从夫妻关系调适、社区支持网络等方面探讨困境的生成原因，并结合社会支持理论与优势视角，提出社会工作介入对策。

Abstract: The long-term care, rehabilitation training, and educational support for children with autism often subject parents to continuous economic, caregiving, and psychological pressures. As the core of family relationships, marital relationships not only affect the stability of family functions but also further impact the rehabilitation environment and quality of growth for children with autism. However, in reality, support services for families with autistic children are mostly focused on child rehabilitation training and stress relief for mothers in parenting, with relatively insufficient attention to the difficulties faced by marital relationships and their needs for social work support. This paper takes couples in families with autistic children as the research subjects, using literature research and non-participatory observation methods to analyze the difficulties faced by these couples in the long-term care situation, such as role imbalance, communication conflicts, emotional alienation, and insufficient social support. Based on this, this paper explores the causes of these difficulties from the perspectives of marital relationship adjustment and community support networks, and proposes social work intervention strategies in combination with social support theory and a strengths-based perspective.