数字赋能乡村治理的多元主体协同机制研究——基于P镇“智慧养老”实践

A Study on the Multi-Actor Collaborative Mechanism of Digitally Enabled Rural Governance—Based on the Practice of “Smart Elderly Care” in Town P

摘要: 农村地区面临养老服务基础设施薄弱、专业人才匮乏与供给碎片化等多重约束，传统治理手段已难以有效回应这一复合型挑战。数字技术的下沉为破解乡村养老困局提供了新的可能。文章通过实地调查与半结构化访谈，以四川省N市P镇的智慧养老实践为研究对象，基于共生理论与滕尼斯共同体理论构建农村智慧养老服务共同体，考察政府、企业、社会组织与农村老年群体四方主体在数字平台中介下的协同机制及其运行逻辑。研究发现，数字平台在多元主体协同中扮演了共生界面的角色，通过降低信息不对称与协调成本重构了主体间的互动方式。多元主体协同的形成源于资源依赖与功能互补的结构性驱动，政府以政策工具撬动社会资源，企业以技术能力提升服务效能，社会组织以志愿互助填补情感关怀留白。

Abstract: Rural areas face multiple constraints such as weak infrastructure for elderly care services, a shortage of professional personnel, and fragmented service supply. Traditional governance approaches are no longer sufficient to address this complex challenge. The penetration of digital technology into rural areas offers new possibilities for solving the predicament of rural elderly care. Based on field surveys and semi-structured interviews, this study focuses on the smart elderly care practice in Town P, City N, Sichuan Province. Drawing on symbiosis theory and Tönnies’ community theory, it constructs a rural smart elderly care service community and examines the collaborative mechanisms and operational logic of four key actors—government, enterprises, social organizations, and rural elderly groups—mediated by digital platforms. The findings reveal that digital platforms serve as a symbiotic interface in multi-subject collaboration, reshaping interactions among actors by reducing information asymmetry and coordination costs. The formation of multi-subject collaboration is structurally driven by resource dependence and functional complementarity: the government leverages policy tools to mobilize social resources, enterprises enhance service efficiency through technological capabilities, and social organizations fill the emotional care gap through volunteer mutual assistance.