社交网络使用中孤独感的影响因素：一项理论综述

Influencing Factors of Loneliness in Social Network Use: A Theoretical Review

摘要: 关于社交网络使用与青少年孤独感的关系，现有研究结论尚不一致。本文系统梳理了相关文献，归纳出五条主要发现：社交焦虑可能在网络信任水平影响孤独感的过程中发挥中介作用；同伴依恋水平可以有效降低孤独感；网络自我表露对孤独感的影响可能受到自我概念清晰性与自尊水平的调节；孤独感与网络成瘾存在相互强化的循环关系；上行与下行社会比较均有可能诱发孤独感，但作用路径不尽相同。在此基础上，本文尝试提出一个整合性理论框架，以呈现社交网络使用影响孤独感的可能路径，而自我概念清晰性与自尊则作为特质性资源，在整个过程中影响着个体能否将网络社交的机会转化为积极的心理体验。未来研究可进一步细化社交网络行为的测量、关注本土化的外部环境因素，并开展干预研究以检验该框架的适用性。

Abstract: The relationship between social network use and adolescent loneliness remains inconclusive in existing research. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature and summarizes five main findings: social anxiety may mediate the role of online trust in influencing loneliness; peer attachment level can effectively reduce loneliness; the effect of online self-disclosure on loneliness may be moderated by self-concept clarity and self-esteem; loneliness and internet addiction exhibit a mutually reinforcing cycle; and both upward and downward social comparisons may induce loneliness, though through different pathways. On this basis, the paper attempts to propose an integrative theoretical framework to illustrate the potential pathways through which social network use affects loneliness, with self-concept clarity and self-esteem serving as trait-level resources that influence whether individuals can transform opportunities of online socializing into positive psychological experiences throughout the process. Future research could further refine the measurement of social network behaviors, attend to localized external environmental factors, and conduct intervention studies to examine the applicability of this framework.