大学篮球运动训练专业学生心理韧性与运动表现的关系研究

A Study on the Relationship between Psychological Resilience and Sports Performance of College Students Majoring in Basketball Sports Training

摘要: 为探究大学篮球运动训练专业学生心理韧性与运动表现的现状及其内在关系，本研究以东北电力大学运动训练专业(篮球专项)校队的120名学生为对象，采用胡月琴、甘怡群编制的《青少年心理韧性量表》和Rees等编制的《运动表现评价量表》进行调查，共发放问卷120份，回收有效问卷120份。运用描述性统计、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析及多元逐步回归分析等方法对数据进行处理。结果表明：(1) 该校队员心理韧性总均分为3.74 ± 0.56，运动表现总均分为2.13 ± 0.43，均处于中等偏上水平；(2) 心理韧性在性别、年级、运动等级、训练年限及获奖经历上存在显著差异(P < 0.05)；(3) 心理韧性各维度与运动表现各维度均呈显著正相关(P < 0.01)，其中积极认知、目标专注和情绪控制是运动表现的三个核心预测因子，可联合解释运动表现48.6%的变异量；(4) 心理韧性对运动表现的影响呈现“核心驱动–功能分工–远端支持”的三层结构。研究揭示了心理韧性影响篮球运动表现的关键维度与内在机制，为高校篮球教学与训练中的心理干预提供了精细化的数据支撑和实践依据。

Abstract: This study aims to explore the current status and internal correlation between psychological resilience and sports performance among college students majoring in basketball sports training. A total of 120 varsity athletes specializing in basketball from the Sports Training Program of Northeast Electric Power University were selected as research subjects. Two standardized scales were adopted for questionnaire survey: the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale compiled by Hu Yueqin and Gan Yiqun, and the Sports Performance Evaluation Scale developed by Rees et al. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed, and all 120 returned questionnaires were valid. Statistical methods including descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were applied for data processing. The results show that: (1) The total mean score of psychological resilience of the athletes is 3.74 ± 0.56, and the total mean score of sports performance is 2.13 ± 0.43, both at an upper-middle level; (2) Psychological resilience presents significant differences in terms of gender, grade, athletic level, training years and award-winning experience (P < 0.05); (3) All dimensions of psychological resilience are significantly positively correlated with all dimensions of sports performance (P < 0.01). Among them, positive cognition, goal focus and emotional control serve as three core predictors of sports performance, which jointly account for 48.6% of the variance in sports performance; (4) The influence of psychological resilience on sports performance presents a three-layer structural model of “core driving-functional division-distal support”. This study identifies the key dimensions and internal mechanism through which psychological resilience affects basketball performance, and provides refined data support and practical evidence for psychological intervention in college basketball teaching and training.