石林撒尼彝语基数词变调研究

Research on the Transposition of Base Number Words in Shilin Sani Yi Language

摘要: 本文以彝语东南部方言石林撒尼语的基数词为研究对象，聚焦“三、四、九”的连读变调现象。该类数词搭配“十、百、千、万”构成复合数词、充当分数分母、标记农历日期“初几”，以及与高平调量词组合成数量词组时，会发生同化或异化两种变调类型。其变调形式分别为：55 + 33 → 33 + 33、55 + 55 → 33 + 55。研究发现，这两种变调现象受后接音节声调的条件限制，呈现出“结构触发、同化趋平”的模式。

Abstract: This article takes the base words of Shilin Sani, a dialect in the southeast of Yi language, as the object of study, and focuses on the phenomenon of continuous transposition of “three, four and nine”. When this type of numeral is combined with “ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand” to form compound numerals, act as the denominator of fractions, mark the lunar date “first few days”, and combine with high-level modulation words into quantitative phrases, two types of assimilation or alienation will occur. Its modulation forms are: 55 + 33→33 + 33, 55 + 55→33 + 55. The study found that these two transmodulation phenomena are limited by the conditions of the succend syllable tone, presenting a pattern of “structure triggering, assimilation and flattening”.