智慧交通基础设施对电商物流效率的赋能机理

The Enabling Mechanism of Smart Transportation Infrastructure on E-Commerce Logistics Efficiency

摘要: 随着电子商务的迅猛发展，即时物流与末端配送面临着时效性要求苛刻、城市路网拥堵等瓶颈约束。传统交通基础设施已难以满足现代电商物流低成本、高可靠的运转需求。为破解这一难题，本文聚焦于智慧交通基础设施，深入探讨其对电商物流效率的系统性赋能机理。本文打破传统“要素驱动”的单一视角，构建了包含“数字化基座–智能决策–功能表现–业务价值”四层递进的协同赋能理论框架。研究结合区域宏观面板数据，采用耦合协调度模型对该赋能机理进行了定量测度与检验。实证结果表明，智慧交通基础设施的完善与配送车辆在交叉口等关键节点的延误率降低、配送准点率提升以及综合物流能耗成本的下降呈现出显著的正向相关关系。本研究不仅理清了交通技术变革对现代物流效率提升的传导路径，也为未来“空地协同”及低空经济背景下的智慧物流网络规划与交通管理提供了理论支撑与决策参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of e-commerce, on-demand logistics and last-mile delivery face bottleneck constraints such as stringent timeliness requirements and urban road congestion. Traditional transportation infrastructure struggles to meet the modern operational demands of low costs and high reliability. To address these challenges, this paper focuses on smart transportation infrastructure and investigates its systematic enabling mechanism on e-commerce logistics efficiency. Breaking away from the traditional factor-driven perspective, a four-tier progressive framework consisting of digital foundation, intelligent decision-making, functional performance, and business value is constructed. Using regional macro-level panel data, this study applies a coupling coordination degree model to quantitatively assess and empirically examine the mechanism through which smart transportation infrastructure enables the development of the logistics system. Empirical results indicate a significant positive correlation between the advancement of smart transportation infrastructure and reduced delay rates at critical nodes, enhanced delivery punctuality, and lowered overall logistics energy costs. This research clarifies the transmission pathways of transportation technology transformations in enhancing logistics efficiency and provides theoretical support and decision-making references for smart logistics network planning in the future context of air-ground coordination and the low-altitude economy.