数智时代老年社会参与的新差序格局与积极老龄化效应

The New Differential Mode of Association of Elderly Social Participation and Its Active Aging Effects in the Digital-Intelligent Era

摘要: 中国已进入中度老龄化与数字社会转型的叠加期，老年社会参与的形态、机制与发展逻辑发生深刻变革。本文立足社会学视角，依托差序格局理论、活动理论、社会建构论与年龄分层理论，基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS 2023)、中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS 2022)微观数据及2023~2026年国内中文核心文献成果，从文献综述、发展现状、现实困境、优化策略等维度展开系统分析。研究发现，当前老年人形成“家庭–熟人–社区–数字”四级圈层化参与格局，制度排斥、文化偏见、数字鸿沟、资本分层共同制约老年社会参与质量；多元社会参与能够有效助推积极老龄化发展，实现老年群体的身份认同重构与社会价值彰显。立足全龄友好社会建设目标，需紧扣四级圈层结构，从家庭代际支持、熟人圈层营造、社区公共赋能、数字精准反哺、圈层协同联动五个维度破解参与难题，助力老年群体实现社会价值融入，推动中国式积极老龄化高质量发展，为老龄社会治理提供社会学层面的理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: China is experiencing the overlap of moderate population aging and digital-intelligent transformation, which reshapes the forms, mechanisms and logic of elderly social participation profoundly. From a sociological perspective, this paper adopts the theories of differential mode of association, activity theory, social deconstructionism and age stratification. Based on micro-data of CLASS 2023, CHARLS 2022 and core Chinese literature from 2023 to 2026, it systematically analyzes research progress, current situations, dilemmas and optimization strategies. Findings indicate that the elderly form a four-tier participation pattern of “family-acquaintance-community-digital sphere”. Institutional exclusion, cultural prejudice, digital divide and capital stratification restrict their participation quality. Diversified social participation promotes active aging by reconstructing the elder’s identity and realizing their social value. For an all-age-friendly society, five paths are put forward: Inter generational family support, acquaintance network building, community empowerment, targeted digital assistance and multi-sphere coordination. This study facilitates high-quality Chinese-style active aging and provides sociological references for aging governance.