新农人培养模式的理论构建、现状比较与体系化路径研究

A Study on the Theoretical Construction, Status Quo Comparative Assessment, and Systematic Pathways for New Type Farmers Cultivation Model

摘要: 新农人是发展农业新质生产力、推进乡村全面振兴的核心载体，但其培养供给与战略需求之间仍存在显著的结构性矛盾。本文在厘清新农人复合型内涵的基础上，整合乡村振兴理论、人力资本与终身学习理论、协同与新内生发展理论，构建了一个“需求驱动–多元共育–场景衔接–持续赋能”的系统化培养体系理论模型。通过对高校主导、政府主导、企业主导、合作社主导四种典型模式的比较分析，揭示了单一模式的固有局限，论证了多元主体协同共治的必然趋势。模型以“精准滴灌、多元协同、终身赋能”为核心理念，提出“四维驱动、双轴贯通”的架构与四大核心运行机制。最后，从制度协同、政策工具、数字基建三个维度提出政策建议，并指明未来研究方向，以期为新农人培养体系的科学构建与持续优化提供理论参照与实践指引。

Abstract: New type farmers are the core carriers for developing new quality productive forces in agriculture and advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. However, there remains a significant structural mismatch between the supply of talent cultivation and the strategic demands. On the basis of clarifying the composite connotations of new type farmers, this paper integrates rural revitalization theory, human capital and lifelong learning theories, as well as synergy and neo-endogenous development theories, to construct a systematic cultivation model characterized by “demand-driven, multiparty coeducation, scenario articulation, and continuous empowerment.” Through a comparative analysis of four typical models, respectively based on universities, governments, enterprises, and cooperatives, this study reveals the inherent limitations of any single model and demonstrates the inevitable trend toward collaborative governance among multiple stakeholders. The model, with its core principles of “precise targeting, multi-party synergy, and lifelong enabling,” proposes a “four-dimensional driving, dual-axis interlinking” architecture and four key operational mechanisms. Finally, policy recommendations are offered from three dimensions—institutional synergy, policy instruments, and digital infrastructure—and future research directions are identified, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the scientific construction and continuous optimization of the new type farmers cultivation system.