网络寻衅滋事罪的司法认定研究

A Study on the Judicial Determination of the Crime of Picking Fights and Causing Trouble Online

摘要: 随着信息网络时代的飞速发展，寻衅滋事罪这一传统罪名正在网络空间内发生异化。为了规制这一新型网络犯罪，两高联合发布司法解释对其进行规制。然而在司法实践中，由于认定标准不一，使得原本被诟病为口袋罪的寻衅滋事罪在网络空间中也初步呈现出了口袋化的现象。为了遵循刑法的谦抑性以及保障人权的原则，在对该罪的认定现状进行分析后，有必要对司法实践中出现的困境进行规制：虚假信息的认定标准应从正反两方面去建立；主观要件上要坚持“确实明知”的标准；重视“起哄闹事”要件的限制功能；对于“公共秩序严重混乱”的认定要坚持“线上 + 线下”的双重认定标准。通过上述路径，以期实现该罪认定的科学化与精准化，切实保障公民的言论自由权。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the information and internet age, the traditional crime of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” is undergoing a transformation in cyberspace. To regulate this new form of cybercrime, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly issued judicial interpretations to address it. However, in judicial practice, inconsistent application of the criteria for determining this offense has led to the crime of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble”, which was previously criticized as a “catch-all offense”, beginning to exhibit similar characteristics in cyberspace. To adhere to the principle of criminal law restraint and the protection of human rights, after analyzing the current state of determining this offense, it is necessary to address the challenges arising in judicial practice. The criteria for determining false information should be established from both affirmative and negative perspectives; Regarding the subjective element, the standard of “actual knowledge” must be upheld; at the same time, the restrictive function of the “inciting a riot” element must be emphasized, and the determination of “serious disruption of public order” must adhere to a dual “online + offline” standard, so that the process of determining this offense becomes more scientific and accurate, thereby safeguarding citizens’ right to freedom of speech.