社会实践赋能乡村学困生教育的现实困境与优化路径——岳西山区实证考察

Empowerment of Rural Underachievers’ Education through Social Practice: Practical Dilemmas and Optimized Paths—An Empirical Investigation in Yuexi Mountainous Areas

摘要: 乡村学困生转化是推进义务教育优质均衡发展、夯实乡村教育振兴基础的核心议题。大别山岳西山区受地理区位、资源禀赋与人口结构叠加影响，留守儿童占比偏高，学困生群体呈现学业断层、习惯缺失、动力不足与家庭缺位的复合型成长困境。高校“三下乡”社会实践作为乡村教育帮扶的重要外部力量，可为山区学困生提供课业辅导、习惯培育与心理陪伴等多元支持，但现有短期支教模式存在服务碎片化、供需匹配度低、长效机制缺失等问题，直接制约了帮扶实效。本文基于岳西县毛尖山乡的实地调研与长期支教参与式观察，系统梳理社会实践赋能乡村学困生教育的现实梗阻，剖析其深层成因，结合山区学情构建长效精准的帮扶优化路径，为高校志愿服务助力乡村薄弱学生成长、推进乡村教育振兴提供实证参考与实践框架。

Abstract: The transformation of rural underachievers is the core issue for advancing the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and consolidating the foundation of rural revitalization education. Affected by the superposition of geographical location, resource endowments and population structure, mountainous areas in the Dabie Mountains of Yuexi County have a high proportion of left-behind children, and underachievers face compound predicaments including academic gaps, deficient learning habits, insufficient motivation and inadequate family support. As an important external force for rural education assistance, college social practice programs (Bringing Culture, Science, Technology and Healthcare to the Countryside) can provide multiple supports such as academic tutoring, habit cultivation and psychological companionship for mountain underachievers. Nevertheless, the existing short-term volunteer teaching model is plagued by fragmented services, mismatched supply and demand, and the absence of long-term mechanisms, which greatly restrict the effectiveness of assistance. Based on field surveys and long-term participatory observations in Maojianshan Township, Yuexi County, this paper systematically sorts out the structural bottlenecks restricting social practice from empowering underachievers’ education, analyzes their underlying causes, and constructs targeted optimization paths adapted to local learning conditions. It provides empirical references and practical frameworks for college volunteer services to assist disadvantaged rural students and boost rural education revitalization.