高速公路改扩建工程旧路面病害处置技术研究

Research on Old Pavement Damage Treatment Technology for Expressway Reconstruction Projects

摘要: 随着国民经济的快速发展，我国早期建成的部分高速公路已不能满足现代化物流的需要，改扩建工程已成为提升路网容量和服务水平的关键措施。特别在经济发达的东南沿海地区，由于交通流量的不断增长，部分高速公路已普遍进入病害高发期。在长期自然环境侵蚀、重载负荷等多重因素作用下，旧路面频繁出现裂缝、坑槽、车辙、沉陷等典型病害。如何科学有效地识别和处理老路病害，成为高速公路改扩建工程中亟待解决的核心问题之一。本文结合沪昆高速公路某段改扩建过程中旧路面典型病害形态与分布特征，从自然环境、结构设计、交通荷载、施工养护四个方面深度剖析病害的成因与演化规律；研究采用了传统调查方法与先进检测技术相结合的方式进行病害调查，并针对不同类型的病害提出了相应的处理方案。结合高速公路改扩建旧路面铣刨、新旧路面结构拼接等工程特点，重点提出非开挖注浆在裂缝、基层脱空等病害分级处置工艺与成套改造技术，并建立全过程施工质量管理控制体系。通过实际案例表明，能够有效控制改扩建路面后期病害复发，提升工程耐久性与经济性。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the national economy, some early-built expressways in China have failed to meet the needs of modern logistics. Reconstruction projects have become a key measure to enhance the capacity and service level of the road network. Especially in economically developed coastal areas, due to the continuous growth of traffic volume, some expressways have generally entered the period of high incidence of damage. Under the combined effects of long-term natural environment erosion, heavy load, etc., old pavements frequently suffer from typical damages such as cracks, potholes, ruts, and subsidence. How to scientifically and effectively identify and handle old road damage has become one of the core issues that need to be urgently solved in expressway reconstruction projects. This paper, based on the typical damage forms and distribution characteristics of old pavements during the reconstruction of a certain section of the Huizhou-Kunming Expressway, deeply analyzes the causes and evolution patterns of damage from four aspects: natural environment, structural design, traffic load, and construction maintenance; the traditional investigation methods and advanced detection technologies are combined to conduct damage investigations, and corresponding treatment plans are proposed for different types of damage. Combining the engineering characteristics of old pavement milling and new-old pavement structure connection in expressway reconstruction, the paper focuses on proposing non-invasive grouting technology for graded treatment of cracks, base layer voiding and other damage, and establishing a full-process construction quality management control system. Through practical cases, it is shown that it can effectively control the recurrence of later damage of reconstructed roads and improve the durability and economy of the project.