农业供应链金融缓解农户信贷约束的机制与困境

Mechanisms and Dilemmas of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance in Alleviating Farmers’ Credit Constraints

摘要: 为突破传统信贷难以覆盖分散农户的现实瓶颈，农业供应链金融通过系统协同创新，逐渐成为缓解涉农融资约束的有效路径。本文基于管理工程视角构建“信息–信用–治理”分析框架，剖析其机制与边界。研究表明，该模式通过信息集成系统转化“软信息”，依托流程优化确立交易信用，并借助网络治理强化履约，显著提升信贷可得性。然而，案例揭示其普惠效应受制于产业链协同失灵、数据壁垒、核心企业生态控制及风险管理缺位等瓶颈，易引发小农户“数字排斥”。为此，本文提出培育产业协同网络、建设公共数据信托工程、引入第三方审计及构建多层级风险管理系统等对策，推动其向数据驱动的系统协同与农户权益保护转型。

Abstract: To break through the practical bottleneck of traditional credit’s inability to reach decentralized farmers, agricultural supply chain finance (ASCF) has emerged as an effective path to alleviate rural financing constraints through systemic synergy innovation. From a management engineering perspective, this paper constructs an “Information-Credit-Governance” analytical framework to dissect its mechanisms and boundaries. Research indicates that this model significantly improves credit accessibility by utilizing information integration systems to transform “soft information”, leveraging process optimization to establish transaction credit, and employing network governance to reinforce compliance. However, case analysis reveals that its inclusive effects are hindered by implementation bottlenecks such as industrial chain coordination failures, data barriers, core enterprise niche control, and inadequate risk management, which risk exacerbating the “digital exclusion” of smallholder farmers. Consequently, this paper proposes optimization strategies—including fostering industrial collaborative networks, establishing public data trust engineering, introducing third-party audits, and building multi-tiered risk management systems—to drive ASCF’s transition toward data-driven systemic synergy and the protection of farmers’ rights.