民族地区“一老一小”代际融合照护模式的田野实践与机制创新——以贵州批林村为例

Field Practice and Mechanism Innovation of the Intergenerational Integrated Care Model for “The Elderly and the Young” in Ethnic Minority Areas—A Case Study of Pilin Village, Guizhou

摘要: 在西南民族地区青壮年劳动力外流、人口空心化加剧的背景下，“留守老人”与“留守儿童”的照护需求相互叠加，形成了突出的民生服务短板。本文以文化濡化理论为分析框架，选取贵阳市花溪区高坡苗族乡批林村为田野个案，考察该村“善行贵州·益童乐园”项目七年来的代际融合照护实践。研究发现，益童乐园通过营造制度化濡化场域、重塑老人文化主体身份、引入专业“濡化中介者”，将断裂的家庭文化传承链条修复为社区公共空间中的代际互惠结构，从而在文化传承中实现了老幼双向赋能的融合照护。这一实践为民族地区以文化传承为纽带推动“一老一小”民生服务一体化发展提供了可资借鉴的经验范式。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the outflow of young and middle-aged laborers and the intensifying population hollowing in southwestern ethnic minority areas, the superimposed care needs of the “left-behind elderly” and “left-behind children” have created a prominent shortcoming in people’s livelihood services. Adopting the cultural enculturation theory as its analytical framework, this paper takes Pilin Village in Gaopo Miao Township, Huaxi District, Guiyang City as a field case and examines the intergenerational integrated care practice under the “Shanxing Guizhou·Yitong Leyuan (Children’s Paradise)” project over the past seven years. The study finds that Yitong Leyuan, by creating an institutionalized enculturation field, reshaping the elderly’s identity as cultural subjects, and introducing professional “enculturation intermediaries”, has repaired the broken chain of family cultural transmission and transformed it into an intergenerational reciprocal structure within the community public space. This has achieved integrated care featuring bidirectional empowerment of both the elderly and the young through cultural inheritance. This practice offers an experiential paradigm for promoting the integrated development of livelihood services for “the elderly and the young” in ethnic minority areas with cultural inheritance as the bonding link.