积极老龄化视域下我国人口结构转型的现实困境与优化路径

The Realistic Dilemma and Optimization Path of China’s Population Structure Transformation from the Perspective of Active Aging

摘要: 人口老龄化已成为我国新时代社会发展的基本国情，既是社会文明进步的必然体现，也是经济社会转型面临的重大挑战。当前，我国老龄化呈现规模扩大、增速加快、高龄化凸显、城乡失衡等特征，叠加少子化、长寿化趋势，形成多重结构性矛盾。在积极应对人口老龄化国家战略背景下，本文立足人口结构转型视角，系统剖析我国老龄化进程中面临的养老服务供需失衡、健康支撑体系不完善、老年人力资源开发不足、城乡养老差距显著、数字适老转型滞后等现实困境，结合国家政策导向与社会发展实际，从健全养老服务体系、完善健康支撑网络、激活老年人力资源、统筹城乡老龄发展、推进数字适老改造、强化政策协同保障六个维度，提出针对性优化路径。本文研究旨在为破解老龄化发展难题、推动老龄事业与银发经济协同发展、实现健康老龄化与积极老龄化目标提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: Population aging has become a fundamental national condition of China’s social development in the new era. It is not only an inevitable manifestation of social civilization progress, but also a major challenge faced by economic and social transformation. Currently, China’s aging population is characterized by an expansion in scale, accelerated growth rate, prominent aging, and urban-rural imbalance, coupled with trends of declining birth rates and longer lifespans, forming multiple structural contradictions. In the context of actively responding to the national strategy of aging population, this article focuses on the perspective of population structure transformation, systematically analyzes the real difficulties faced by China’s aging process, such as the imbalance of supply and demand of elderly care services, incomplete health support system, insufficient development of elderly human resources, significant urban-rural elderly care gap, and lagging digital aging transformation. Combining national policy guidance and social development reality, targeted optimization paths are proposed from six dimensions: improving the elderly care service system, perfecting the health support network, activating elderly human resources, coordinating urban-rural aging development, promoting digital aging transformation, and strengthening policy coordination guarantee. This study aims to provide theoretical and practical references for solving the problem of aging development, promoting the coordinated development of aging industry and silver economy, and achieving the goals of healthy aging and active aging.