数字经济背景下农民增收的传导机制、困境以及路径研究

Research on the Transmission Mechanisms, Dilemmas, and Pathways of Farmers’ Income Growth in the Context of the Digital Economy

摘要: 促进农民持续增收是当前中国农业农村发展的核心任务。然而，在传统农业向现代农业转型的过程中，农户增收存在诸多结构性“瓶颈”。随着数字技术向农业领域渗透，农民增收获得了新的突破口。本文基于创新扩散理论，从技术赋能、需求牵引、竞争倒逼、政策引导四个维度构建数字经济影响农户收入的分析框架，并运用泉州市数字农业实践案例对传导机制进行检验。研究发现，数字技术应用在农业增收效应存在梯度差异，有规模条件或组织依托的农户能够率先获益，分散经营的小农户则面临多重限制，数字红利传导存在结构性损耗。在此基础上，本文提出了相关路径与建议，希望为数字经济时代推动农民持续增收提供参考。

Abstract: Promoting sustained income growth for farmers is a core task in China’s agricultural and rural development. However, during the transition from traditional to modern agriculture, farmers face multiple structural bottlenecks in increasing their incomes. The penetration of digital technologies into the agricultural sector has opened new breakthroughs for farmers’ income growth. Grounded in innovation diffusion theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the impact of the digital economy on farmers’ income from four dimensions: technology empowerment, demand pull, competitive pressure, and policy guidance. It then empirically tests the transmission mechanisms using a case study of digital agriculture practices in Quanzhou City. The findings reveal that the income-enhancing effects of digital technology applications exhibit gradient differences: farmers with scale advantages or organizational support are the first to benefit, while smallholder farmers operating in isolation face multiple constraints, resulting in structural losses in the transmission of digital dividends. On this basis, the paper proposes relevant pathways and policy recommendations, aiming to provide references for promoting sustained income growth for farmers in the digital economy era.