传统农业文化遗产的活态保护与产业化开发研究——以农业文化遗产地为例

Research on the Living Conservation and Industrial Development of Traditional Agricultural Cultural Heritage—Taking Agricultural Cultural Heritage Sites as Examples

摘要: 农业文化遗产兼具活态性与复合性，在由生计型农业向产业型经营转变的过程中，活态保护与产业化开发之间的张力日益凸显。本文以江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统为例，构建“活态保护–产业化开发”协同分析框架，基于遗产地劳动力流动、产品供给与文化传承的现状，剖析二者之间的矛盾及其成因。研究发现，遗产地劳动力分化为留守、进城、回流三类，旅游开发有助于劳动力回流并壮大保护主体，但仍存在重利用轻保护、传承主体老龄化与产品同质化等问题。据此提出以生态种植与品牌增值夯实活态基础、以文旅融合与利益共享驱动产业化、以人才培育保障传承的协同路径。

Abstract: Agricultural cultural heritage is characterized by both living and composite attributes. During the transition from subsistence agriculture to industrial operation, the tension between living conservation and industrial development has become increasingly prominent. Taking the Xinghua Duotian traditional agricultural system in Jiangsu Province as a case, this paper constructs a synergy analytical framework of “living conservation-industrial development”, drawing on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and the Social-Ecological System (SES) theory. Based on the current situation of labor mobility, product supply and cultural inheritance in the heritage site, it analyzes the contradictions between the two and their causes. The study finds that the labor force in the heritage site is differentiated into three types: left-behind, rural-to-urban migrant and return, and that tourism development helps the labor force return and strengthens the main body of conservation. However, problems remain, such as emphasizing utilization over conservation, the aging of inheritance subjects, and product homogenization. Accordingly, the paper proposes a synergy path: consolidating the living foundation through ecological cultivation and brand value-adding, driving industrialization through the integration of culture and tourism and benefit-sharing, and safeguarding inheritance through talent cultivation.