老龄化社会中的劳动力退出与养老金替代

Labor Force Withdrawal and Pension Replacement in an Aging Society

摘要: 我国人口老龄化集中导致退休人口数量急剧增加，加之新生人口补充不足导致劳动力无法得到及时补充，从而对劳动力的供给结构产生冲击，最终引起养老金收支失衡。为解决这一问题，文章分析了老龄化社会中劳动力退出的原因及其对养老金替代的影响，并提出延迟法定退休年龄、拓宽养老保险筹资渠道、改革养老金计发办法、探索多元化替代路径等养老金替代策略，以期为养老金管理部门应对养老金失衡问题提供参考。

Abstract: The concentrated population aging in China has led to a sharp rise in the number of retirees. Meanwhile, the insufficient newborn population fails to replenish the labor force in a timely manner, which impacts the labor supply structure and ultimately results in the imbalance of pension income and expenditure. To address this issue, this paper analyzes the causes of labor force withdrawal amid an aging society and its effects on pension replacement. It further proposes pension replacement strategies including postponing the statutory retirement age, expanding financing channels for endowment insurance, reforming pension calculation and payment methods, and exploring diversified replacement approaches, aiming to provide references for pension management authorities to tackle the imbalance of pension revenue and expenditure.