蓝绿空间暴露对老年人生活满意度的影响机制研究

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Blue-Green Space Exposure on the Life Satisfaction of Older Adults

摘要: 蓝绿空间作为邻里环境的重要构成要素，和老年人的生活满意度息息相关。本研究基于邻里效应理论，以南京市638名老年人为研究对象，采用描述性统计、差异检验、相关分析和分层回归分析等方法，探讨蓝绿空间暴露对老年人生活满意度的影响。结果表明：1) 老年人对蓝绿空间的环境质量评价较高，生活满意度总体良好；2) 环境质量感知是影响老年人生活满意度的核心因素(β = 0.168, p < 0.001)，其影响强度与婚姻状况相当；3) 蓝绿空间使用频率呈现“剂量–效应”关系，每周至少一次是关键阈值，而单纯的使用行为(外出频率、停留时间、感知可达性)无独立预测作用；4) 感知可达性与生活满意度无显著相关；5) 慢性病数量、未婚、丧偶、在职对生活满意度具有显著负向预测作用。研究结论可为优化社区蓝绿空间规划、提升老年人福祉提供科学参考。

Abstract: As a vital component of the neighborhood environment, blue-green spaces are closely associated with the life satisfaction of older adults. Based on the neighborhood effect theory, this study selected 638 elderly residents in Nanjing as research participants and adopted descriptive statistics, difference testing, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression to explore the impact of blue-green space exposure on their life satisfaction. The results revealed that: 1) The elderly generally held a high evaluation of environmental quality and reported good overall life satisfaction. 2) Perceived environmental quality served as the core factor β = 0.168, p < 0.001, with an influence magnitude comparable to that of marital status. 3) The use frequency exhibited a dose-response relationship, with at least once a week identified as the critical threshold, whereas simple usage behaviors showed no independent predictive effect. 4) Perceived accessibility had no significant correlation with life satisfaction. 5) The number of chronic diseases, unmarried status, widowhood, and being currently employed were significant negative predictors. These findings provide a scientific reference for optimizing community blue-green space planning and promoting elderly well-being.