基于AIoT的智能水表水质多参数检测系统设计

Design of Multi-Parameter Detection and Treatment System for Water Quality Based on AIoT Smart Water Meters

摘要: 随着智慧城市建设的深入推进，传统水表单一计量功能的局限性日益凸显，无法满足现代水务管理对水质实时监测、设备定位溯源、户外持续供电等多元化需求。针对上述问题，本论文设计并实现了一套基于AIoT的智能水表水质多参数检测系统。系统以ESP32芯片为核心主控，集成pH、浊度、电导率、温度等多参数水质检测传感器，采用光伏电源与锂电池相结合的供电方案，搭载GPS定位模块，通过WiFi/4G无线通信技术实现设备端、云平台与手机APP的数据双向传输。本论文完成了系统总体架构设计、硬件电路设计与模块选型、软件程序开发以及防水密封结构设计，并进行了实验室与户外环境的联调测试。测试结果表明，系统能够实现水质参数的实时精准采集、数据无线传输、设备定位、超限报警等功能，水质检测精度符合民用水务监测标准，光伏供电系统可在无市电环境下维持设备持续运行，满足智慧水务精细化管理需求，具有重要的工程应用价值。

Abstract: With the in-depth advancement of smart city construction, the limitations of traditional water meters with a single metering function have become increasingly prominent, failing to meet the diversified demands of modern water services management, including real-time water quality monitoring, equipment location and traceability, and continuous outdoor power supply. To address the above issues, this paper designs and implements an AIoT-based multi-parameter water quality detection and processing system for smart water meters. Taking the ESP32 chip as the core main controller, the system integrates multi-parameter water quality sensors for pH, turbidity, conductivity, temperature and other indicators. It adopts a hybrid power supply scheme combining photovoltaic panels and lithium batteries, and is equipped with a GPS positioning module. Bidirectional data transmission among terminal devices, cloud platform and mobile APP is realized via WiFi/4G wireless communication technologies. This paper completes the design of the overall system architecture, hardware circuit design and module selection, software programming development, as well as waterproof and sealing structural design. Joint debugging tests are carried out under laboratory and outdoor environments. The test results demonstrate that the system can realize real-time and accurate collection of water quality parameters, wireless data transmission, equipment positioning, over-limit alarm and other functions. The detection accuracy of water quality satisfies the monitoring standards for civil water services. The photovoltaic power supply system enables continuous operation of the equipment without mains electricity supply. The proposed system meets the requirements of refined management in smart water services and possesses great practical engineering application value.