数字鸿沟下银发经济的供需错配与破解路径研究——基于老龄化与数字化双重背景的分析

Research on Supply-Demand Mismatch and Solution Paths of the Silver Economy under the Digital Divide—An Analysis Based on the Dual Background of Aging and Digitalization

摘要: 当前我国处于老龄化与数字化深度叠加阶段，银发经济迎来广阔发展空间，但数字鸿沟引发的供需错配问题日益突出，成为制约产业高质量发展的关键瓶颈。本文以供需均衡理论为基础，结合信息不对称理论，构建“双重背景–核心矛盾–影响结果–转化路径”的分析框架，系统探讨数字鸿沟下银发经济供需错配的形成机制、表现特征与多维影响。研究发现，老龄化催生多元分层需求，数字化驱动供给创新升级，在数字鸿沟的中介作用下，形成数量错配、结构错配、质量错配三维表征；供需错配显著降低市场资源配置效率、损害老年群体福祉、抑制产业创新升级及削弱企业经营绩效，阻碍银发经济从潜在市场向现实市场转化。基于此，本文从需求端分层弥合数字鸿沟、供给侧改革破解“伪适老化”、构建供需双向对接机制三个维度提出破解路径，为推动银发经济供需精准匹配、实现高质量发展提供理论参考与实践启示。

Abstract: China is currently in a stage of profound overlap between population aging and digitalization. While the silver economy enjoys broad development prospects, the supply-demand mismatch triggered by the digital divide has become increasingly prominent, evolving into a critical bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of the industry. Drawing on supply-demand equilibrium and information asymmetry theories, this paper builds a “dual background - core contradiction - impacts - solutions” framework to examine the mismatch’s formation, features and multidimensional effects. Aging generates diverse hierarchical demands, while digitalization fuels supply innovation; mediated by the digital divide, mismatches arise in quantity, structure and quality. These mismatches reduce resource allocation efficiency, harm elderly well-being, curb industrial upgrading and weaken firm performance, impeding the silver economy’s shift from potential to actual market. Accordingly, three paths are proposed: narrowing the digital divide on the demand side, reforming supply to tackle “pseudo age-appropriateness”, and establishing two-way supply-demand linkage. The findings provide theoretical and practical implications for precise matching and high-quality development of the silver economy.