套袋在八月瓜栽培中的应用效果比较

Comparative Effects of Bagging in Cultivation of Holboellia latifolia Wall.

摘要: 为探究套袋技术对八月瓜(Holboellia latifolia Wall.)果实品质及商品性的影响，本研究在贵州省黔东南州丹寨县和剑河县两个八月瓜种植基地，选用5种不同类型果袋开展套袋对比试验。结果表明，所有套袋处理均能不同程度地提升果面光洁度，并显著或极显著降低病果率、虫果率及鸟害率。其中，在丹寨县兴仁镇基地，白色无纺布单层套袋处理未发现病虫为害果，所有套袋处理的病果率均低于20%；在剑河县报谷村基地，双层内黑外黄套袋处理的病果率较对照降低80%，其余套袋处理也均表现出一定的防控效果。此外，套袋表现出延迟果实成熟的趋势，但对落果率的影响在两试验地表现不一致。综合比较，蓝三色单层袋和双层内黑外黄袋在两地的综合表现较优，建议在生产中推广应用。本研究为八月瓜绿色优质栽培提供了技术参考。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of bagging on fruit quality and commercial traits of Holboellia latifolia, a comparative experiment with five different types of fruit bags was conducted at two cultivation bases in Danzhai and Jianhe counties, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. The results showed that all bagging treatments improved fruit surface smoothness to varying degrees, and significantly reduced the incidences of diseased, insect-damaged, and bird-damaged fruits. At the Xingren Town base in Danzhai County, no pest-damaged fruits were found under the single-layer white non-woven bag treatment, and the pest and disease incidences in all bagging treatments were below 20%. At the Baogu Village base in Jianhe County, the double-layer bag with black inner and yellow outer layers reduced the pest and disease incidence by 80% compared with the control, and reductions were also observed in other bagging treatments. In addition, bagging tended to delay fruit ripening, but inconsistent effects on fruit drop rate were observed between the two sites. Considering overall performance, the blue three-layer single-layer bag and the double-layer inner-black outer-yellow bag are recommended for practical application. This study provides a technical reference for high-quality and eco-friendly cultivation of H. latifolia.