老龄化加速视域下银发经济高质量发展的结构性困境与突破路径

From the Perspective of Accelerating Aging: Structural Challenges and Breakthrough Pathways for the High-Quality Development of the Silver Economy

摘要: 伴随我国人口老龄化进程持续加速，银发经济作为向老年人提供产品或服务、为老龄阶段做准备的经济活动总和，既是积极应对人口老龄化的核心举措，也是培育经济增长新动能的重要抓手。然而，在老龄化加速的倒逼机制下，银发经济迈向高质量发展仍面临深层次的结构性矛盾。本文从供需结构、制度体系、要素支撑、市场环境四个维度，系统剖析当前银发经济发展面临的结构性困境，并结合“十五五”时期人口发展新形势，提出优化要素资源配置、完善服务供给体系、强化制度协同保障、催生市场扩容升级等突破路径，旨在推动银发经济实现从被动应对向主动引领的范式转换，为增进老年人福祉、促进经济社会可持续发展提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: As the aging process of our country continues to accelerate, the silver economy, which refers to the sum of economic activities providing products or services to the elderly and preparing for the aging stage, is not only a core measure to actively cope with population aging, but also an important approach to cultivate new drivers of economic growth. However, under the pressing imperative of accelerated aging, the path towards high-quality development of the silver economy is still confronted with deep-seated structural contradictions. This paper systematically analyzes the current structural challenges facing the development of the silver economy from four dimensions: supply-demand structure, institutional system, factor support, and market environment. In light of the new demographic trends during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period, it proposes breakthrough pathways such as optimizing the allocation of factor resources, improving the service supply system, strengthening institutional coordination and safeguards, and stimulating market expansion and upgrading. The aim is to facilitate a paradigm shift in the silver economy from passive response to active leadership, thereby providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for enhancing the well-being of the elderly and promoting sustainable economic and social development.