乡村振兴背景下农村老龄化问题与共同富裕建设

Rural Aging Issues and CommonProsperity Construction under the Background of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 全面推进乡村振兴是新时代“三农”工作的总抓手，扎实推动农民农村共同富裕则是中国式现代化的本质要求。目前阶段，我国农村人口老龄化呈现出程度深、速度快以及空巢化程度高的显著特征，与城市地区形成鲜明对比。这一结构性变化不仅对乡村产业发展、公共服务供给以及城乡收入均衡产生了直接冲击，更成为制约共同富裕目标落地的关键现实瓶颈。本文立足于乡村振兴战略部署与积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的双重维度，系统梳理农村人口老龄化的现状表征，深入剖析老龄化对乡村产业振兴、城乡公共服务均等化、农村内部收入分配结构以及乡村治理效能的消极影响。研究发现，农村老龄化问题的化解需统筹产业赋能、保障兜底、服务提质、城乡融合与治理优化等多重路径。通过推动农村银发资源转化、完善农村养老保障体系、推进城乡公共服务一体化建设，能够有效破解农村老龄化发展困境，进而促进乡村全面振兴与农民共同富裕的协同共进。

Abstract: Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization is the fundamental task of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era, and steadily advancing common prosperity for farmers and rural areas represents the essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization. At present, rural population aging in China is characterized by a high aging level, rapid growth rate and prominent empty-nest elderly phenomenon, which differs greatly from urban areas. Such structural changes not only exert direct impacts on rural industrial development, public service supply and urban-rural income balance, but also become a major practical obstacle restricting the realization of common prosperity. From the dual perspectives of rural revitalization strategy and the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, this paper summarizes the current characteristics of rural population aging, and deeply analyzes its adverse effects on rural industrial upgrading, equalization of urban and rural public services, rural income distribution and rural governance efficiency. The study shows that solving rural aging problems requires coordinated approaches including industrial empowerment, social security guarantee, elderly service improvement, urban-rural integration and governance optimization. By tapping the value of rural elderly human resources, improving the rural old-age security system and advancing the integrated construction of urban and rural public services, we can effectively address the dilemma of rural aging, so as to realize the coordinated progress of all-round rural revitalization and rural common prosperity.