社会学视角下分时养老模式的乡村共享空间适宜性设计策略

Suitability Design Strategies of Rural Shared Spaces for Time-Sharing Elderly Care Model from a Sociological Perspective

摘要: 本文立足社会学视角，聚焦分时养老模式下乡村共享空间适宜性设计，结合社会代际互动、社区共同体构建、养老服务公平、城乡社会融合等核心社会议题，系统分析老年群体、本土村民、运营组织三类主体的多元需求，按照短期、中期、长期三种居住类型，明确差异化分时养老场景下乡村共享空间的设计重点。随后从空间功能、空间形态、空间环境三个维度，提出空间功能复合与弹性设计、城乡联动布局、乡土元素深度融合、全维度适老化环境营造等空间适宜性优化策略，有效回应乡村老龄化带来的社会治理困境、促进乡村邻里社会关系重构、激活乡村社区公共性与社会活力，为相关从业者与研究者破解新时代乡村空巢老人、留守老人养老难题、推动乡村社会与养老事业协同高质量发展提供理论参考与实践指引。

Abstract: From a sociological perspective, this paper focuses on the suitability design of rural shared spaces under the time-sharing elderly care model. Integrating core social issues including intergenerational social interaction, construction of community communities, equity of elderly care services, and urban-rural social integration, it systematically analyzes the diverse demands of three stakeholders: elderly groups, local villagers, and operating organizations. According to three residential types (short-term, medium-term and long-term stay), it identifies key design priorities for rural shared spaces under differentiated time-sharing elderly care scenarios. Furthermore, from three dimensions of spatial function, spatial form and spatial environment, this paper puts forward suitability optimization strategies such as composite and flexible spatial function design, urban-rural integrated layout, in-depth integration of vernacular elements, and multi-dimensional age-friendly environment construction. These strategies effectively address social governance dilemmas arising from rural aging, promote the reconstruction of rural neighborhood social relations, and activate the publicity and social vitality of rural communities. They provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for relevant practitioners and researchers to solve elderly care problems of empty-nest and left-behind seniors in rural areas in the new era, and boost the coordinated high-quality development of rural society and elderly care undertakings.