马克思异化理论视角下老龄数字鸿沟的形成机制与破局路径研究

Research on the Formation Mechanism and Breakthrough Path of the Elderly Digital Divide from the Perspective of Marx’s Alienation Theory

摘要: 数字社会的全面渗透与人口老龄化的深度叠加，使得老龄数字鸿沟日益成为关乎民生保障底线与社会公平正义的核心议题。研究以马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的劳动异化理论为分析框架，结合对扬州市A社区多位老年人及其家属深度访谈，论证老龄数字鸿沟的本质是数字化进程中，在资本逻辑与工具理性主导下，通过特定社会机制形成的排斥、疏离老龄群体的异化现象。研究阐释马克思异化理论与老龄数字鸿沟的理论关联，分析理论应用于数字生活领域的合理性、挑战与必要修正，揭示老龄群体在数字社会中的四重现实表现，从异化理论的四重维度剖析鸿沟形成机制，最终提出系统性、可操作的破局路径，为构建老龄友好数字社会提供理论支撑。

Abstract: The comprehensive penetration of digital society and the superimposed deepening of population aging have made the elderly digital divide a vital issue related to livelihood security and social equity. Taking Marx’s theory of labor alienation in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 as the analytical framework, this study argues that the essence of the elderly digital divide is an alienation phenomenon. Dominated by capital logic and instrumental rationality in the digitalization process, it alienates into the exclusion and estrangement of the elderly group via specific social mechanisms. This paper clarifies the theoretical connection between Marx’s alienation theory and the elderly digital divide, reveals four realistic manifestations of the elderly in the digital society, and dissects the formation mechanism of the divide from four dimensions of alienation theory. It further explores fundamental feasible paths to bridge the elderly digital divide, aiming to provide theoretical support for constructing an age-friendly digital society.