社区居家养老服务优化路径研究

Research on Optimization Pathways for Community-Based Home Care Services

摘要: 随着老龄化的程度加深，在养老服务体系中社区居家养老的地位不断上升。老年人的服务需求也从助餐、助洁等日常照料，扩张到护理、康复、陪诊和精神慰藉等方面。现阶段，社区养老设施已有一定规模，但服务供给与老人真实需求之间仍有距离，专业照护、城乡均衡、医养衔接和责任规则等方面也存在短板。文章以福利多元主义和协同治理为分析视角，从结合官方数据和既有研究，聚焦社区作为制度整合平台的失灵与重构，并从服务清单落地、多元供给分工、人才与技术支持、服务标准和监管责任等方面提出完善路径。

Abstract: With the deepening of population aging, community-based home care has assumed an increasingly important position in China’s elderly care service system. Meanwhile, older adults’ care needs have expanded from daily assistance, such as meal services and housekeeping, to nursing care, rehabilitation, medical escort services, and emotional support. At present, community-based elderly care facilities have reached a certain scale; however, there remains a gap between service provision and the actual needs of older adults. Shortcomings are also evident in professional care, urban-rural balance, medical-care integration, and the clarification of responsibility rules. From the perspectives of welfare pluralism and collaborative governance, this paper draws on official statistics and existing studies to examine the failure and reconstruction of the community as a platform for institutional integration. It further proposes improvement pathways in terms of implementing service lists, clarifying the division of responsibilities among multiple providers, strengthening talent and technological support, improving service standards, and enhancing regulatory responsibilities.